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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurol. 2022 Mar 19;269(8):4310–4321. doi: 10.1007/s00415-022-11067-1

Table 3.

Clinical diagnosis and symptoms of LO-MSA patients in the autopsy cohort

Sex Age
at
onset
Age
at
death
Initial
diagnosis
Final
diagnosis
Reasons for
diagnosis
Initial
symptoms
Ataxia Urinary problems Orthostatic hypotension Probable or
possible,
retrospectively
Age Description Age Description Age Description
1 M 85 86 MSA MSA Developing severe OH soon after falls Falls - - 85 Urinary incontinence 85 sBP drop > 30 mmHg Dizziness and syncope Probable
2 M 78 84 PSP vs MSA PSP Early falls Gait difficulty - - 80 Urinary urgency - - Possible
3 F 78 83 PSP PSP Early falls, neck rigidity, downgaze limitation Bradykinesia - - - - - - -
4 F 77 80 PSP vs MSA PSP vs MSA Early falls Gait difficulty - - - - - - -
5 M 79 82 PD PD Resting tremor Gait difficulty 80 Slightly wide-based gait - - 82 sBP drop > 30 mmHg Dizziness, but no syncope Probable
6 M 75 80 PSP PSP Neck rigidity, FoG, eyelid-opening apraxia Gait difficulty - - 78 Urinary incontinence (considered due to slow mobility) - - Probable
7 F 88 91 CBS CBS Left dominant dystonia and contracture Dystonia - - - - - - -
8 F 86 89 PSP PSP Early falls, downgaze palsy Falls 87 Slightly wide-based gait 87 Urinary incontinence (considered due to slow mobility) 88 sBP drop > 30 mmHg Dizziness, but no syncope Probable
9 F 81 86 PD vs PSP MSA vs PSP Early falls, age at onset Falls 84 Bilateral dysmetria on finger-to-nose test 85 Urinary incontinence - - Probable

MSA, multiple system atrophy; OH, orthostatic hypotension; sBP, systolic blood pressure; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy; PD, Parkinson’s disease; FoG, freezing of gait; CBS, corticobasal syndrome