Table 3.
Sex | Age at onset |
Age at death |
Initial diagnosis |
Final diagnosis |
Reasons for diagnosis |
Initial symptoms |
Ataxia | Urinary problems | Orthostatic hypotension | Probable or possible, retrospectively |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Description | Age | Description | Age | Description | |||||||||
1 | M | 85 | 86 | MSA | MSA | Developing severe OH soon after falls | Falls | - | - | 85 | Urinary incontinence | 85 | sBP drop > 30 mmHg Dizziness and syncope | Probable |
2 | M | 78 | 84 | PSP vs MSA | PSP | Early falls | Gait difficulty | - | - | 80 | Urinary urgency | - | - | Possible |
3 | F | 78 | 83 | PSP | PSP | Early falls, neck rigidity, downgaze limitation | Bradykinesia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
4 | F | 77 | 80 | PSP vs MSA | PSP vs MSA | Early falls | Gait difficulty | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
5 | M | 79 | 82 | PD | PD | Resting tremor | Gait difficulty | 80 | Slightly wide-based gait | - | - | 82 | sBP drop > 30 mmHg Dizziness, but no syncope | Probable |
6 | M | 75 | 80 | PSP | PSP | Neck rigidity, FoG, eyelid-opening apraxia | Gait difficulty | - | - | 78 | Urinary incontinence (considered due to slow mobility) | - | - | Probable |
7 | F | 88 | 91 | CBS | CBS | Left dominant dystonia and contracture | Dystonia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
8 | F | 86 | 89 | PSP | PSP | Early falls, downgaze palsy | Falls | 87 | Slightly wide-based gait | 87 | Urinary incontinence (considered due to slow mobility) | 88 | sBP drop > 30 mmHg Dizziness, but no syncope | Probable |
9 | F | 81 | 86 | PD vs PSP | MSA vs PSP | Early falls, age at onset | Falls | 84 | Bilateral dysmetria on finger-to-nose test | 85 | Urinary incontinence | - | - | Probable |
MSA, multiple system atrophy; OH, orthostatic hypotension; sBP, systolic blood pressure; PSP, progressive supranuclear palsy; PD, Parkinson’s disease; FoG, freezing of gait; CBS, corticobasal syndrome