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. 2023 Jun 5;13(3):557–598. doi: 10.21037/cdt-22-438

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2023 Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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ARDS formation due to COVID-19 (191-196) (A) and CVD risk stratification (B). The arrows indicate the “Far wall of the carotid artery showing the plaque burden”. The red line is the lumen-intima (LI) border and the green line is the media-adventitia (MA) border. ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; COVID-19, Corona Virus Disease 2019; CVD, cardiovascular disease. ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index.