. 2023 Jun 5;13(3):557–598. doi: 10.21037/cdt-22-438

Table 1. Generation characteristics for cardiovascular risk stratifications.

SN	Attributes	1^st Gen (CVD Manual)	2^nd Gen (CVD CC)	3^rd Gen (CVD AE)	4^th Gen (CVD ML)	5^th Gen (CVD DL)
1	Manual	√	×	×	×	×
2	OBBM	×	√	√	√	√
3	LBBM	×	√	√	√	√
4	CUSIP	×	×	√	√	√
5	MedUSE	×	×	√	√	√
6	MRI	×	×	√	√	√
7	CT	×	×	√	√	√
8	US	×	×	√	√	√
9	Multiclass	√	√	√	√	√
10	Multi-label	×	×	×	√	√
11	Ensemble	×	×	×	√	√
12	References	(127-129)	(21,49,50,130-136)	(35,137-140)	(14,48,54,141-145)	(78-80,90,98,99,103)

SN, serial number; Gen, generation; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CC, conventional calculators; AE, AtheroEdge; ML, machine learning; DL, deep learning; OBBM, office-based biomarkers; LBBM, laboratory-based biomarkers; CUSIP, carotid ultrasound image phenotypes; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CT, computed tomography; US, ultrasound.