Table 4. Characteristics of deep learning systems for CVD risk predictions (II).

SN	Studies	# GT	GT N	# AU	DL	# ML C	CT	FE	HID	HU	LU	Protocol
1	Azzorpardi et al. (78)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	UNet	×	×	√	√	×	4	15
2	Biswas et al. (79)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN	×	×	√	√	×	4	10
3	Biswas et al. (80)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	ANN	×	×	√	√	×	3	1
4	Biswas et al. (81)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN, FNN	×	×	√	√	√	10	10
5	Jain et al. (98)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	UNet	×	×	√	√	×	4	10
6	Jain et al. (99)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	HDL, SDL	×	×	√	√	×	3	10
7	Jamthikar et al. (13)	3	CVD, non-CVD, RA	1	DL	√	SVM	√	√	×	1	×
8	Lakadir et al. (82)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN	√	SVM	√	√	×	9	5
9	Meshram et al. (83)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	UNet	×	×	√	√	×	4	×
10	Wu et al. (84)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	DeepMAD	×	×	√	×	×	3	×
11	Zhou et al. (85)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN	×	×	√	×	×	4	MCar*
12	Zhou et al. (86)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	Unet++, CNN	×	×	√	√	×	4	×
13	Ganitidis et al. (87)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN	×	×	√	√	×	4	4
14	Mohannadi et al. (100)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN, Unet	×	×	√	×	√	6	×
15	Latha et al. (101)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN	×	×	√	×	√	3	×
16	Otgonbaatar et al. (102)	2	Cerebrovascular Disease	3	FBP, HIR, DLR	×	×	√	×	×	3	×
17	Jain et al. (103)	2	CVD, non-CVD	2	SegNet-Unet	×	×	√	×	√	224	10
18	Ziegler et al. (88)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN, DM	×	×	√	×	×	11	10
19	Bortsova et al. (89)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	DeepEnsemble	×	×	√	×	√	4	10
20	Zhu et al. (104)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	Unet++	×	×	√	×	√	2	5
21	Park et al. (105)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN	×	×	√	×	√	×	10
22	Jain et al. (90)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	FNCNN	×	×	√	×	√	3	2, 5, 10
23	Savaş et al. (91)	2	CVD, non-CVD	2	DNN, ANN	×	×	√	×	1	3	×
24	Washim et al. (92)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CFNet	×	×	√	×	×	5	×
25	Sudha et al. (93)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN	×	×	√	×	×	4	×
26	Groves et al. (106)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	R-CNN	×	×	√	×	×	2	4
27	Saba et al. (94)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN	×	×	√	×	×	4	×
28	Tsakanikas et al. (107)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN	×	×	√	×	×	4	×
29	Koktzoglou et al. (95)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN	×	×	√	×	×	4	×
30	Flores et al. (108)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN	×	×	√	×	×	4	5,10
31	Luo et al. (96)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN	×	×	√	×	×	4	×
32	Xiao et al. (97)	2	CVD, non-CVD	1	CNN	×	×	√	×	×	4	4

CVD, cardiovascular disease; SN, serial number; # GT, ground truth; GT N, GT name; # AU, number of algorithm used; DL, deep learning; # ML C, number of ML classifier; CT, classifier type; FE, feature extraction; HID, handling imbalanced data; HU, hyperparameters used; LU, layers used.