Table 5.
Contextual Factors of Counties in Which Older Adults Lived by Race or Ethnicity, and Disabling Condition.
| All Older Adults | Non-Hispanic White | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All older adults | ADL or IADL | No ADL or IADL | T-test a | All Non-Hispanic White | ADL or IADL | No ADL or IADL | T-test a | |
| Mean weighted county-level value for HRS respondents a | ||||||||
| COVID-19 risk and vulnerability | ||||||||
| Case counts (per 100,000) | 21.7 | 22.1 | 21.4 | *** | 21.5 | 21.9 | 21.2 | *** |
| Pandemic vulnerability index | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | *** | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | *** |
| Socioeconomic characteristics | ||||||||
| Social vulnerability index | .51 | .54 | .50 | *** | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | *** |
| Residential racial segregation | 33.9 | 33.7 | 34.0 | 34.1 | 33.9 | 34.1 | ||
| Medical infrastructure and health care access | ||||||||
| Hospital beds capacity | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | ||
| Years of potential life lost | 7760.5 | 8105.5 | 7502.2 | *** | 7644.5 | 7946.3 | 7438.3 | *** |
| Employment opportunities and income | ||||||||
| Unemployment | 5.4 | 5.4 | 5.3 | ** | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.2 | ** |
| Percentage receiving government assistance | 12.3 | 12.7 | 12.0 | *** | 11.9 | 12.3 | 11.6 | *** |
| Number of observations | 8616 | 3408 | 5208 | 4678 | 1664 | 3014 | ||
aMeans of county-level variables are weighted to adjust for different proportions of HRS respondents across counties. A simple inverse-probability weight was created to account for county clustering across the entire sample and again for each racial/ethnic subgroup.
ADL = activity of daily living; HRS = Health and retirement Study; IADL = instrumental activity of daily living