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. 2023 Jun 19;14:1192545. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1192545

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Copyright © 2023 Cheng, Xin, Zhao, Wang, Feng and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Summary of the main results of the included studies regarding the effects of rTMS on fMRI and motor outcomes in patients with stroke. ↑ increase; ↓ decrease; + additionally; >greater than. FMA, Fugl–Meyer Assessment scale; WMFT, Wolf Motor Function Test. MI, Motricitv Index score; MRC, Medical Research Council; mRS, the modified Rankin scale score; AH, affected hemisphere; UH, unaffected hemisphere; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; M1, primary motor cortex:; SMA, supp1ementarv motor area; PMA, premotor area; NMES. Neuromuscular Electrical Simulation; MAS, Modified Ashworth scale.