TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the 68,147 men in the study according to cohort.
| Characteristic | VIP a (N = 48,371) | MONICA (N = 2642) | MDCS (N = 2229) | MPP (N = 14,905) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year, range (median) | 1986–2016 (1999) | 1986–2014 (1994) | 1991–1995 (1993) | 1974–2006 (1980) |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 46.6 (8.9) | 48.6 (13.9) | 57.6 (6.0) | 47.7 (12.9) |
| Year of birth, n (%) | ||||
| <1940 | 5549 (11) | 821 (31) | 1615 (72) | 9447 (63) |
| 1940–1949 | 11,354 (23) | 572 (22) | 614 (28) | 5458 (37) |
| 1950–1959 | 12,453 (27) | 513 (19) | — | — |
| ≥1960 | 19,015 (39) | 736 (28) | — | — |
| Markers of insulin resistance b | ||||
| Glucose, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 5.5 (0.8) | 5.3 (0.7) | 5.2 (0.7) | 5.0 (0.6) |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.5 (0.7) | 1.4 (0.7) |
| TyG index, mean (SD) c | 8.6 (0.5) | 8.6 (0.5) | 8.5 (0.5) | 8.5 (0.5) |
| Insulin, mLU/L, mean (SD) | — | — | 7.5 (3.7) | 8.0 (4.7) |
| HbA1c, %, mean (SD) | 4.4 (0.5) | — | 4.8 (0.5) | — |
| Leptin, ng/mL, mean (SD) | 4.0 (1.7) | — | 2.5 (0.8) | — |
| Diabetes, n (%) d | ||||
| No | 47,229 (98) | 2567 (97) | 1801 (81) | 14,147 (95) |
| Yes | 877 (2) | 51 (2) | 76 (3) | 758 (5) |
| Missing | 265 (<1) | 24 (1) | 352 (16) | — |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 26.5 (3.8) | 26.6 (3.8) | 26.2 (3.5) | 25.1 (3.5) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, n (%) | ||||
| <25 | 18,385 (38) | 988 (38) | 882 (40) | 8087 (54) |
| 25–29.9 | 22,664 (47) | 1221 (46) | 1075 (48) | 5626 (38) |
| ≥30 | 7322 (15) | 433 (16) | 272 (12) | 1192 (8) |
| Smoking status, n (%) d | ||||
| Never smoker | 30,134 (62) | 1403 (53) | 669 (30) | 5268 (35) |
| Former smoker | 10,080 (21) | 806 (31) | 919 (41) | 3107 (21) |
| Current smoker | 7310 (15) | 425 (16) | 575 (26) | 6484 (44) |
| Missing | 847 (2) | 8 (<1) | 66 (3) | — |
| Education, n (%) e | ||||
| Pre‐upper secondary school <9 y | 5448 (11) | 523 (20) | 667 (30) | 4384 (29) |
| Pre‐upper secondary school 9 y | 8327 (17) | 437 (17) | 114 (5) | 971 (7) |
| Max. 2 y upper secondary school | 18,595 (39) | 854 (32) | 576 (26) | 3571 (24) |
| 3 y upper secondary school | 5932 (12) | 354 (13) | 429 (19) | 2550 (17) |
| Post‐upper secondary school <3 y | 5331 (11) | 258 (10) | 217 (10) | 1181 (8) |
| Post‐upper secondary school ≥3 y | 4680 (10) | 204 (8) | 223 (10) | 1493 (10) |
| Missing | 58 (<1) | 12 (<1) | 3 (<1) | 755 (5) |
| Country of birth, n (%) f | ||||
| Born in Sweden with both parents born in Sweden | 43,687 (90) | 2314 (88) | 1899 (85) | 12,306 (83) |
| Other | 4684 (10) | 328 (12) | 330 (15) | 2599 (17) |
Abbreviations: MDCS, Malmö Diet and Cancer Study; MONICA, Northern Sweden Monica Study; MPP, Malmö Preventive Project; SD, standard deviation; VIP, Västerbotten Intervention Programme.
In the VIP, HbA1c and leptin information originated from a nested case–control study29.
The 76,510 men in the study had information on at least one insulin resistance marker measured in a fasting state. The number of men with complete information was for glucose 66,668; triglycerides 58,102; TyG index 56,897; insulin 3898; HbA1c 2881; and leptin 2364.
TyG index was calculated as ln[triglycerides (mg/dL) × plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2].
Determined from questionnaires.
Determined from the Swedish longitudinal integration database for health insurance and labour market studies.
Determined from the Swedish Multi‐generation Register, which has virtually complete coverage of first‐degree biological family for individuals born in or after 1932, registered in Sweden in 1961 or later.