Table 2. Studies exploring the anti-apoptotic and tissue regenerative properties of HPE.

Author and year	Experiment	Results
Kwon et al. 2015 (52)	HPE in preventing hair loss through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway	Induction of β-catenin expression as well as induction of alkaline phosphatase in human dermal papilla cells
Hong et al. 2010 (53)	Role in HPE in a wound healing mouse model	Accelerated wound healing among mice treated with HPE. Higher levels of TGF-β and VEGF among mice treated with HPE

HPE, human placental extract; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.