TABLE 3.
Number of studies in relation to environmental factors and life‐history traits under each category.
| Environmental factors | Laying date b | Clutch size b | Number of nestlings b | Number of fledglings b | Hatching success b | Fledging success b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Land‐use change (N a = 34) | 16 | 26 | 14 | 17 | 15 | 13 |
| Urban heat island (N a = 3) | 2 | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Noise pollution (N a = 12) | 5 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
| Artificial light at night (N a = 1) | 1 | – | – | – | – | – |
| Food resources (N a = 11) | 4 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Land‐use change + Urban heat island (N a = 2) | 2 | 1 | – | – | – | – |
| Land‐use change + Artificial light at night (N a = 1) | 1 | 1 | – | – | – | 1 |
| Land‐use change + Food resources (N a = 11) | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 4 |
| Land‐use change + Urban heat island + Food resources (N a = 3) | 2 | 2 | – | 1 | – | 1 |
| Land‐use change + Urban heat island + Noise pollution + Artificial light at night (N a = 1) | 1 | 1 | – | 1 | – | – |
| Urban heat island + Artificial light at night (N a = 1) | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | – | – |
| Total (N a = 80) | 36 | 49 | 28 | 34 | 25 | 27 |
Abbreviation: –, Studies did not include that life‐history traits.
a
Number of studies under each environmental factor category.
b
Number of studies including life‐history traits under each environmental factor category.