Table 5.
Molecules and pathways involved in other biological behaviors in TMJ OA.
| Main Factors | Pathways | Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Netrin-1 | – | Osteoclast activation | 74 |
| Wnt5a/Ror2 | JNK, Ca2+/NFAT | Osteoclast activation | 75 |
| TGF-β/TβRI | TGFβ/Smad2,3 | Osteoclast activation | 76 |
| VEGF | – | Osteoclast activation | 77 |
| Sema 4D, Plexin B1 | – | Osteoclast activation Osteoblast inhibition | 78 |
| miR-29b | Wnt5a | Osteoclast inhibition | 60 |
| miR-26b | Wnt/β-catenin | Osteoblast activation | 79 |
| FGF1, EGF + IL-1β, TNF-α | MAPK/ERK | FLS activity inhibition | 80 |
| Dnmt3b | Wnt/β-catenin | Stem/progenitor cells differentiation regulation | 81 |
| CaSR | – | Chondrocyte terminal differentiation acceleration | 82 |
| PTH1R | Ihh | Chondrocyte terminal differentiation inhibition | 83 |
| COL VI | – | Chondrocyte differentiation regulation | 84 |
| Lubricin (Prg4) | Ihh, BMP | Ectopic chondrogenesis inhibition | 85 |
Abbreviations: Ror2: eceptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; NFAT: Nuclear factor of activated T cells; TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta; TβR1: TGF-beta type I receptor; COL: collagen; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; EGF: epidermal growth factor; Dnmt3b: DNA methylation 3b; CaSR: calcium-sensing receptor; PTH1R: parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor.