Table. Crude and Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Short Sleep Duration Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years, by Sociodemographic and Geographic Characteristics, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, US, 2020a .
| Characteristic | Unweighted no. of respondents | Crude prevalence, % (95% CI) | Age-adjusted prevalence, % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 390,193 | 32.7 (32.4–33.1) | 33.2 (32.8–33.6) |
| Age group, yb | |||
| 18–24 | 24,891 | 29.8 (28.7–31.0) | NA |
| 25–44 | 93,327 | 36.4 (35.8–37.1) | NA |
| 45–64 | 136,052 | 34.5 (33.9–35.1) | NA |
| ≥65 | 135,923 | 26.0 (25.4–26.6) | NA |
| Sexc | |||
| Female | 211,071 | 32.1 (31.6–32.6) | 32.6 (32.0–33.1) |
| Male | 179,122 | 33.3 (32.8–33.9) | 33.8 (33.3–34.3) |
| Race and ethnicityd | |||
| Hispanic | 30,885 | 32.1 (30.9–33.3) | 32.0 (30.8–33.3) |
| Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native | 6,787 | 38.5 (35.6–41.4) | 38.5 (35.7–41.4) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 9,396 | 30.5 (28.3–32.8) | 30.8 (28.5–33.3) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 29,597 | 43.5 (42.4–44.6) | 43.6 (42.4–44.7) |
| Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 1,246 | 46.5 (41.2–52.0) | 46.5 (41.0–52.1) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 294,308 | 30.7 (30.3–31.0) | 31.8 (31.4–32.2) |
| Non-Hispanic multiracial | 8,054 | 39.5 (37.2–41.9) | 39.8 (37.5–42.3) |
| Non-Hispanic other | 3,488 | 36.8 (33.5–40.2) | 36.6 (33.2–40.1) |
| Marital statuse | |||
| Married or member of an unmarried couple | 217,202 | 30.3 (29.8–30.8) | 31.0 (30.4–31.5) |
| Divorced, widowed, or separated | 99,926 | 37.4 (36.7–38.2) | 41.6 (40.0–43.2) |
| Never married | 69,484 | 34.5 (33.7–35.3) | 36.4 (35.5–37.3) |
| Educationf | |||
| Less than high school diploma | 24,634 | 33.7 (32.4–35.0) | 33.7 (32.4–35.1) |
| High school graduate | 103,526 | 34.6 (34.0–35.3) | 35.8 (35.1–36.5) |
| Some college | 108,508 | 35.8 (35.2–36.5) | 36.8 (36.1–37.6) |
| College graduate or higher | 151,840 | 27.2 (26.7–27.8) | 27.0 (26.5–27.6) |
| Annual household income, $g | |||
| <15,000 | 24,361 | 38.0 (36.4–39.5) | 38.1 (36.5–39.7) |
| 15,000 to <25,000 | 46,410 | 37.1 (36.1–38.2) | 37.9 (36.8–39.0) |
| 25,000 to <35,000 | 30,426 | 35.2 (33.8–36.5) | 36.3 (34.9–37.7) |
| 35,000 to <50,000 | 42,969 | 35.1 (34.0–36.2) | 36.3 (35.2–37.5) |
| 50,000 to <75,000 | 51,738 | 33.7 (32.6–34.7) | 34.1 (33.1–35.2) |
| ≥75,000 | 117,658 | 29.7 (29.1–30.3) | 29.3 (28.6–29.9) |
| Missing | 76,631 | 30.2 (29.5–30.9) | 31.3 (30.5–32.1) |
| Urban-rural classificationh | |||
| Large central metropolitan | 58,174 | 32.0 (31.2–32.8) | 32.0 (31.2–32.9) |
| Large fringe metropolitan | 76,295 | 32.7 (32.0–33.3) | 33.2 (32.5–33.9) |
| Medium metropolitan | 80,761 | 33.0 (32.3–33.6) | 33.7 (33.0–34.4) |
| Small metropolitan | 54,457 | 33.4 (32.5–34.3) | 34.5 (33.6–35.5) |
| Micropolitan | 61,818 | 33.6 (32.9–34.4) | 34.8 (34.0–35.7) |
| Noncore | 58,688 | 33.6 (32.6–34.5) | 35.0 (33.9–36.0) |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
Crude and age-adjusted prevalence and 95% CIs were directly estimated by using sampling weights. Includes data from the 50 US states and the District of Columbia. Age-adjusted estimates were standardized to the 2000 projected US population aged ≥18 years in 4 groups (18–24, 25–44, 45–64, ≥65) for all characteristics except age group (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/statnt/statnt20.pdf). Categories may not sum to sample total because of missing responses.
Significant difference in crude prevalence across all age-group comparisons assessed by pairwise t tests; P <.05 considered significant.
Significant difference in crude and age-adjusted prevalence between male and female assessed by pairwise t tests; P <.05 considered significant.
Significant differences in crude and age-adjusted prevalence found for most pairwise comparisons across racial and ethnic subgroups (assessed by pairwise t tests and P <.05 considered significant). Pairwise differences were not significant for the comparison of crude and age-adjusted prevalence for non-Hispanic White compared with non-Hispanic Asian; non-Hispanic Black compared with non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander; Hispanic compared with non-Hispanic Asian; non-Hispanic multiracial compared with American Indian or Alaska Native and non-Hispanic Other; and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native compared with non-Hispanic Other. Comparison of the age-adjusted prevalence was not significant, while the comparison of the crude prevalence was significant for non-Hispanic White compared with Hispanic.
Significant difference in crude and age-adjusted prevalence across all marital status subgroup comparisons assessed by pairwise t tests (P <.05 considered significant).
Significant differences in crude and age-adjusted prevalence found for most pairwise comparisons across education subgroups (assessed by pairwise t tests, P <.05 considered significant). Pairwise differences were not significant for the comparison of crude prevalence for “less than high school diploma” with “high school graduate.”
Significant linear and quadratic trend in crude and age-adjusted prevalence using orthogonal polynomial contrasts trend tests (P <.05 considered significant). Indicates a nonlinear variation in addition to an overall increase as income attainment decreases.
Urban–rural classification defined by the National Center for Health Statistics 2013 urban–rural classification scheme (www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/urban_rural.htm). Significant linear trend in crude and age-adjusted prevalence using orthogonal polynomial contrasts trend tests (P <.05).