Table 5.

Repurposed drugs

Drug/structure	Original indication	Target	Organism	Repurposed/progress	Reference
Isotretinoin	Acute acne	Polyamine permease	T. cruzi	Effectiveness in animal model	Reigada et al. (2017)
Cisapride	Gastroesophageal reflux	Polyamine permease	T. cruzi	Evaluation in T. cruzi clinically relevant forms	Dietrich et al. (2018)
Miglitol	Diabetes mellitus type 2	N-glycan biosynthesis (predicted)	L. amazonensis L. infantum	Effectiveness in animal model	Chavez-Fumagalli et al. (2019)
Eflornithine (6)	Cancer	Polyamine metabolism	T. brucei	Human African trypanosomiasis	Burri and Brun (2003)
Nifurtimox (2)	Chagas disease	Macromolecules	T. brucei gambiense	Second stage human African trypanosomiasis, in combination with eflornithine	Priotto et al. (2009); Hall et al. (2011)
Fexinidazole (7)	Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent	DNA	T. brucei gambiense T. cruzi	Phase III clinical trials for African trypanosomiasis Clinical trials for Chagas disease	Raether and Seidenath (1983); Deeks (2019); Bahia et al. (2012); Francisco et al. (2016)
Amphotericin B (12)	Antifungal agent	Ergosterol	Leishmania spp.	Visceral leishmaniasis	Meyerhoff (1999); Roberts et al. (2003)
Paromomycin (11)	Antibiotic (bacteria, protozoa and cestodes)	Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial protein synthesis	Leishmania spp.	Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis	Davidson et al. (2009); Jhingran et al. (2009); Jain and Jain (2013)
Miltefosine (10)	Cutaneous cancer	Lipid biosynthesis	Leishmania spp.	Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis	Sindermann et al. (2004); Dorlo et al. (2012); Ortega et al. (2017); Pinto-Martinez et al. (2018)

Examples of repositioned drugs against trypanosomatid-caused diseases including the actual treatment, protein target and the new drug indication.