Table 1.
Details of serological tests used for the detection of T. gondii antibodies in animals and humans in Egypt
| Test abbreviation | Antigen | Cut-off | Manufacturer | Citation in the present review |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skin test | Soluble | – | In house | Tb2,15,16 |
| Sabin–Feldman dye test DT | Live tachyzoites | Differs | In house | Tb2,3,6,8,11,13,14,15,16,18,19,20,21 |
| Complement fixation test CFT | Soluble | – | NS | Tb 11,19 |
| OnSite Toxo IgG rapid test OTRT | Recombinant | NS | CTK Biotech, CA, USA www.ctkbiotech.com | Tb2,11,13 |
| Slide agglutination test SAT | NS | 1:16 | In house | Tb11 |
| Enzyme linked fluorescence assay ELFA VIDAS Toxo IgG II kit | Membrane and cytoplasmic Toxoplasma antigen (RH strain) | ⩾8 IU ml−1 | Biomērieux, Craponne, France www.biomerieux.com | Tb3 |
| Modified agglutination test | ||||
| MAT | Formalin-treated whole tachyzoites | Differs | In house | Tb3,11,12,13,14,16,17,18,19 |
| Toxoscreen Direct agglutination DAT | Formalin-treated whole tachyzoites | 1:40 | Biomērieux, Craponne, France www.biomerieux.com | Tb11,12 |
| Latex agglutination test LAT | ||||
| 1. Toxocheck-MT | Soluble | 1:64 | Eiken Chemical, Tokyo, Japan www.eiken.co.jp | Tb8,11,13,15,17,20,21 |
| 2. Toxo Latex kit | Soluble | 1:2 | CamTech medical, UK | Tb11,13,14,15,16 |
| 3. LAT | Soluble local antigen | NS | In house | Tb11,13,17 |
| 4. LAT | Soluble | 1:64 | Sigma Scientific Service Co., Cairo, Egypt www.sigmaeg-co.com | Tb3,12 |
| 5. Toxo-LAT fumouze kits | Soluble | NS | Fumouze Diagnostics, France www.fumouze.com | Tb3 |
| Indirect haemagglutination test IHA | ||||
| 1. Toxo-HAI Fumouze kits | Soluble | 1:80 | Fumouze Diagnostics, France www.fumouze.com | Tb2,3,4,7,11,12,13,15,17,18,19 |
| 2. Toxo-HA | Soluble | 1:64 | Biomērieux, Craponne, France www.biomerieux.com | Tb2,8 |
| 3. Toxo-IHA-Fast Kit | Soluble | 1:80 | ABC Diagnostics, New Damietta, Egypt | Tb13,14 |
| 4. IHA | Soluble | 1:16 | In house | Tb11,18 |
| 5. IHA | Soluble | 1:64 | Behringwerke AG, Marburg, Germany (merged into CSL Behring) www.cslbehring.com | Tb2,3,6,11,13,14,15,16,19,20 |
| Indirect fluorescent antibody test IFA | ||||
| 1. IFA | Lyophilized tachyzoites (Biomērieux) | 1:16 | In house | Tb3,4,6,8 |
| 2. Toxo-spot IF slides | Formalin-treated whole tachyzoites | 1:50 | Biomērieux, Craponne, France www.biomerieux.com | Tb2,11,13 |
| 3. IFA | Formalin-treated whole tachyzoites | 1:16 | In house | Tb2,18 |
| 4. IFA | Whole tachyzoites | 1:64 | In house | Tb11,17 |
| 5. IFA | NS | 1:16 | In house | Tb2,3,6,11,13,14,15,16,18 |
| Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay ELISA | ||||
| 1. bioelisaToxo IgG kits | Inactivated | >10 IU ml−1 | Biokit, Barcelona, Spain www.biokit.com | Tb3,4 |
| 2. Toxoplasma IgG ELISA | Whole tachyzoites | ⩾1.2 | Calbiotek, CA, USA www.calbiotech.com | Tb3,4,11,13,14,15,16 |
| 3. ClinotechToxo ELISA IgG Kits | NS | NS | Clinotech Diagnostics and Pharmaceuticals, Richmond, Canada | Tb2,3,4 |
| 4. SeraQuest Toxoplasma IgG | NS | NS | Quest International, Inc., Florida, USA | Tb4 |
| 5. ELISA IgG Kits | NS | ⩾1 | Pre Check, Inc., Housten, USA www.precheck.com | Tb3,4 |
| 6. Toxoplasma IgG ELISA Kits | NS | ⩾1.5 | MyBioSource, CA, USA www.mybiosource.com | Tb3 |
| 7. Toxo IgG ELISA Test Kit | Inactivated | 8 IU ml−1 | Diagnostic Automation/Cortez Diagnostics, Inc., CA, USA www.rapidtest.com | Tb3 |
| 8. Toxoplasma IgG ELISA kit | NS | >1 | BioCheck, Inc., CA, USA www.biocheckinc.com | Tb4,6,7,14 |
| 9. Toxoplasma IgG ELISA Kit | NS | 0.185 | MP Biomedicals Diagnostics Division, Orangeberg, NY, USA | Tb4 |
| 10. Toxo IgG ELISA kit | Sonicated antigen | >0.343 | Human Gesellschaft für Biochemica und Diagnostica mbH, Wiesbaden, Germany | Tb2 |
| 11. DRG® Toxoplasma gondii IgG Kit | Inactivated | NS | DRG internationals, Inc., USA www.drg-international.com | Tb2,7 |
| 12. ID screen toxoplasmosis multispecies indirect ELISA | P30 antigen | NS | ID.Vet, Grabels, France www.id-vet.com | Tb11,13 |
| 13. ELISA | Toxoplasma total lysate antigen | 0.395 | In house | Tb11,13 |
| 14. ELISA | Recombinant GST-TgSAG2t antigen | Differs | In house | Tb3,11,15,19 |
| 15. Indirect ELISA | Recombinant TgGRA7 antigen | NS | In house | Tb3,11,15,17 |
| 16. ELISA | Soluble whole tachyzoites | NS | In house | Tb3,11,13,15,16,17,18,19 |
| 17. ELISA | Soluble crude antigen | NS | In house | Tb11,13,14,15,16,17,19,21 |
| 18. Indirect IgM ELISA | NS | NS | Serion, Würzburg, Germany www.serion-diagnostics.de | Tb3 |
| 19. ELISA-IgG | NS | ⩾1 | Randox, London, UK www.randox.com | Tb3,4 |
| 20. ELISA | NS | NS | Pishtaz Teb Diagnostics, Tehran, Iran. www.old.pishtazteb.com | Tb4 |
| 21. ELISA | NS | NS | Behringwerke AG, Marburg, Germany (merged into CSL Behring) www.cslbehring.com | Tb4 |
| 22. ELISA | NS | ⩾1 | Chemux Bioscience, Inc., CA, USA www.chemux.com | Tb4,7 |
| 23. ETI-TOXO PLUS | NS | NS | DiaSorin, Salugga, Italy www.diasorin.com | Tb2 |
| 24. Novalisa ELISA Kits | NS | NS | Nove Tec immunodiagnostica GmbH, Dietzenbach, Germany www.novatec-id.com | Tb3 |
| 25. ELISA | NS | 10 IU ml−1 | IMMUNOSPEC, California, USA www.immunospec.com | Tb5 |
Tb, table.