Table 2.
Flow deviations associated with different aortic diseases
| Diseases | Associated flow parameters* |
|---|---|
| Acute aortic syndromes | ↓ WSS (only in AAA) |
| Aortic aneurysm | ↑ WSS, circumferential WSS |
| ↓ Vorticity and helicity | |
| ↑ EL (in vitro studies) | |
| Aortic valve regurgitation | ↑ Regurgitation fraction |
| ↑ Retrograde flow | |
| Aortic valve stenosis | ↑ Flow velocity |
| ↑ KE, EL, and TKE | |
| ↑ Pressure gradient | |
| Atherosclerosis | ↓ Vorticity and helicity |
| ↓ WSS | |
| ↑ Pulse wave velocity | |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | ↑ Flow velocity (if accompanied by AoS) |
| ↑ Flow displacement and flow jet angle | |
| ↑ WSS | |
| ↑ Vorticity and helicity | |
| ↑ EL | |
| Coarctation | ↑ Flow velocity |
| ↑ Pressure gradient | |
| Vessel wall stiffening | ↑ Pulse wave velocity |
WSS wall shear stress, AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm, EL energy loss, KE kinetic energy, TKE turbulent kinetic energy, AoS aortic valve stenosis
*Based on the literature as cited in the respective sections