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. 2023 May 12;62:e19. doi: 10.6620/ZS.2023.62-19

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

A and B, Geological history and topographic details of the Aral Sea from late Pliocene to present; the extensions of the present Black Sea, Caspian Sea and Aral Sea are shown in outline. The large Akchagyl Sea (or Basin) (~3.2–2 mln. years BP) covered a vast area and connected to the Black Sea by the Manych-Kerch Pillway. The later Apsheron Sea (~1.8–0.7 mln. years BP) was smaller, but still larger than the present Caspian Sea. C, The position of the present Aral Sea in its extension before the modern regression. D, Topographic and hydrological details of the Aral Sea as of about 1960. Original figure partially based on Krijgsman et al. (2019).