Table 5.

The top 20 predicted (novel) zoonotic viruses in the extended model

Virus	Virus family (-viridae)	Animal hosts (number of species)	Probability	Prior risk
Lagos bat lyssavirusa	Rhabdo	Chiroptera (10), Carnivora (3), Rodentia (1)	0.856	very high
Tacaribe mammarenavirusb	Arena	Chiroptera (9), Rodentia (1)	0.793	high
Rio Bravo virusb	Flavi	Chiroptera (19)	0.779	medium
Dera Ghazi Khan orthonairovirusb	Nairo	Rodentia (4), Artiodactyla (2)	0.755	medium
Wad Medani virus	Reo	Artiodactyla (6), Rodentia (4)	0.750	medium
Enterovirus Ec	Picorna	Artiodactyla (1), Primates (1)	0.745	low
Phocine morbillivirus	Paramyxo	Carnivora (22)	0.741	high
Bimiti orthobunyavirusb,d	Peribunya	Chiroptera (5), Rodentia (4), Perissodactyla (1)	0.734	high
Bujaru phlebovirusb,d	Phenui	P. guyannensis (Rodentia)	0.733	very high
Ectromelia viruse	Pox	Rodentia (3), Carnivora (1)	0.701	high
Murine respirovirusf	Paramyxo	Rodentia (9), Artiodactyla (1), Carnivora (1), Primates (1)	0.683	medium
Akabane orthobunyavirusg	Peribunya	Artiodactyla (31), Perissodactyla (4), Proboscidea (1)	0.682	high
Reston ebolavirusb,c,h	Filo	Chiroptera (9), Artiodactyla (1), Primates (1)	0.680	high
Saboya virusi	Flavi	Rodentia (4), Chiroptera (1)	0.679	high
Simian orthorubulavirusb,c	Paramyxo	M. fascicularis (primates)	0.678	high
Chobar Gorge virusb,d	Reo	Artiodactyla (2), Chiroptera (2), Perissodactyla (1)	0.673	medium
Issyk-Kul virusj	Nairo	Chiroptera (13)	0.672	–
Patois orthobunyavirusb,c	Peribunya	Rodentia (6), Artiodactyla (2), Didelphimorphia (2), Carnivora (1), Lagomorpha (1)	0.667	high
Bovine fever ephemerovirus	Rhabdo	Artiodactyla (30), Proboscidea (1)	0.660	medium
Minatitlan orthobunyavirus	Peribunya	Primates (1), Rodentia (1)	0.654	–

All are classified as “very high” risk by the combined model, which uses viral genome compositions and imputed network embeddings. Prior risk assignments from Mollentze et al.⁶ are also given where possible.

^aSerological evidence recorded from four human samples.³²

^bIndicates that a virus has serological evidence of human infection in CLOVER, which was not included as a positive in the genomic model but was considered evidence of association in the mammal-virus network; however, note that H. sapiens and its associations were dropped before generating embeddings.

^cIndicates that a virus is accepted as a human virus by Woolhouse and Brierley.³¹

^dIndicates that a virus has recorded evidence of human infection in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ArboCat, although original source literature is not traceable.

^eA strain was isolated in 2012 from an outbreak of erythromelalgia-associated poxvirus in rural China in 1987;³³ most databases do not record this virus as zoonotic.

^fTentative serological evidence recorded.³⁴

^gSerological evidence recorded.³⁵

^hSerological evidence first recorded from cases associated with occupational exposure.³⁶

ⁱSerological evidence recorded for Potsikum virus,³⁷ now a member of Saboya virus.

^jTentative evidence of viral isolation is recorded.³⁸