Table 2.
Demographics and outcomes of patients with isolated trauma to the pancreas versus polytrauma including the pancreas.
| Isolated Pancreas Trauma (n = 47) | Polytrauma (n = 101) | Injury pattern data unavailable (n = 17) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age y, median (IQR) | 20 (15) | 32 (29) | 59 (21) | <0.001& |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 32 (68.1%) | 73 (72.3%) | 12 (70.6%) | 0.698† |
| Female | 15 (31.9%) | 28 (27.7%) | 5 (29.4%) | |
| ASA | ||||
| I | 39 (83.0%) | 57 (56.4%) | 5 (29.4%) | 0.010†* |
| II | 4 (8.5%) | 23 (22.8%) | 7 (41.2%) | |
| III | 3 (6.4%) | 9 (8.9%) | 2 (11.8%) | |
| IV | 0 | 7 (6.9%) | 0 | |
| V | 0 | 5 (5.0%) | 0 | |
| Unknown | 1 (2.1%) | 0 | 3 (17.6%) | |
| Mechanism | ||||
| Blunt | 45 (95.7%) | 87 (86.1%) | 13 (76.5%) | 0.080†* |
| Penetrating | 2 (4.3%) | 14 (13.9%) | 3 (17.6%) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Etiology | ||||
| Assault | 9 (19.1%) | 14 (13.9%) | 3 (18.8%) | 0.028†* |
| Bike/motorbike | 16 (34.0%) | 27 (26.7%) | 4 (25.0%) | |
| Car accident | 3 (6.4%) | 22 (21.8%) | 4 (25.0%) | |
| Pedestrian accident | 0 | 3 (3.0%) | 0 | |
| Sport trauma | 13 (27.7%) | 12 (11.9%) | 2 (12.5%) | |
| Fall from height | 5 (10.6%) | 11 (10.9) | 2 (12.5%) | |
| Suicide attempt | 0 | 7 (6.9%) | 0 | |
| Other/unknown | 1 (2.1%) | 5 (5.0%) | 1 (6.3%) | |
| Injury Severity Score (ISS) (median/IQR) | 18 (7) | 26 (16) | 27 (16) | <0.001&* |
| Referral to center | ||||
| Yes | 33 (70.2%) | 39 (38.6%) | 8 (47.1%) | <0.001†* |
| No | 10 (21.3%) | 60 (59.4%) | 8 (47.1%) | |
| Unknown | 4 (8.5%) | 2 (2%) | 1 (5.9%) | |
| Peak serum amylase (mean factor of upper limit of normal/SEM) | 15.2 (2.55) | 5.63 (0.729) | 6.47 (3.27) | 0.001§* |
| Pancreatic injury scale | ||||
| I | 7 (14.9%) | 26 (25.7%) | 3 (17.6%) | 0.161† |
| II | 13 (27.7%) | 37 (36.6%) | 9 (52.9%) | |
| III | 19 (40.4%) | 24 (23.8%) | 3 (17.6%) | |
| IV | 7 (14.9%) | 10 (9.9%) | 0 | |
| V | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0 | |
| Unknown | 0 | 3 (3.0%) | 2 (11.8%) | |
| Anatomic location of pancreatic injury | ||||
| Head | 4 (8.5%) | 10 (9.9%) | 1 (5.9%) | 0.551† |
| Uncinate process | 2 (4.3%) | 4 (4.0%) | 0 | |
| Neck | 2 (4.3%) | 5 (5.0%) | 0 | |
| Body | 7 (14.9%) | 16 (15.8%) | 2 (11.8%) | |
| Tail | 8 (17%) | 33 (32.7%) | 4 (23.5%) | |
| Head and body | 11 (23.4%) | 14 (13.9%) | 1 (5.9%) | |
| Body and tail | 7 (14.9) | 11 (10.9%) | 0 | |
| Unknown | 6 (12.8%) | 8 (7.9%) | 9 (52.9%) | |
| Pancreatic duct involvement | ||||
| No | 19 (40.4%) | 61 (62.2%) | 11 (68.8%) | 0.030†* |
| Suspected | 9 (19.1%) | 16 (16.3%) | 1 (6.3%) | |
| Confirmed | 19 (40.4%) | 21 (21.4%) | 4 (25%) | |
| Treatment | ||||
| Conservative | 13 (28.3%) | 22 (21.8%) | 5 (33.3%) | 0.392† |
| Non-conservative | 33 (71.7%) | 79 (78.2%) | 10 (66.7%) | |
| Number of interventions (median/IQR) | 2 (2) | 1 (2) | 2 (3) | 0.681& |
| Length of hospital stay d, median (IQR) | 18 (22) | 19 (26) | 22 (18) | 0.655& |
| Length of critical care stay d, median (IQR) | 2 (8) | 5 (12) | 8 (27) | 0.045&* |
| Opioid analgesia on discharge | ||||
| Yes | 11 (26.8%) | 27 (31.8%) | 5 (29.4%) | 0.572† |
| No | 30 (73.2%) | 58 (68.2%) | 12 (70.6%) | |
| Endocrine insufficiency on discharge | ||||
| Yes | 1 (2.1%) | 6 (6.6%) | 13 (81.3%) | 0.004†* |
| No | 40 (85.1%) | 85 (93.4%) | 1 (6.3%) | |
| Unknown | 6 (12.8%) | 0 | 2 (12.5%) | |
| Exocrine insufficiency on discharge | ||||
| Yes | 5 (10.6%) | 10 (11%) | 0 | 0.216† |
| No | 37 (78.7%) | 78 (85.7%) | 14 (87.5) | |
| Unknown | 5 (10.6%) | 3 (3.3%) | 2 (12.5%) | |
Comparisons are between the two known groups only, using the & Mann-Whitney U Test, § Independent sample T-test, † Chi Square test. * Indicates significant P-value.