Table 2.

Imagery-induced stigma by setting

Category	Non-Stigmatizing Imagery	Stigmatizing Imagery
Treatment/Patients	Holding hands, group therapy, support groups, people helping to support a peer Stethoscopes, medical icons, external and internal photos of a hospital without patients present, prescription pads, and doctors without patients in frame with racial diversity	Distressed or unhappy individuals, overly-dramatized photos
Types of SUD	Molecular symbols of the SUD type, definitions from the dictionary, and typography	Images of drugs, alcohol, pills, and paraphernalia; images of individuals using or preparing substances
Law Enforcement	Images with police cars, sirens, police stations, and police officers without other individuals in the image Images with equal representation across different races and ethnicities in images, from depictions of law enforcement or other positions of authority to images of those who are justice-involved or requiring SUD services Images where the representation of officers are alone (without an individual being arrested or depicted unfavorably) and helping in the community in pro-social activities	Images of people being arrested or in handcuffs Images of White law enforcement officers and those being arrested represented by African American or Hispanic/Latino individuals
Courts	Photos of empty courtrooms, a gavel, or the scales of justice to convey material or information related to the judicial system	Depictions of individuals in prison jumpsuits or handcuffs
Jail/Prison	Images that focus on positive activities during incarceration and photos of modern, updated common areas, cafeterias, prison libraries, and individuals in classrooms and vocational trainings to indicate prison settings	Images of bars, rows of cells, individuals behind bars, and images of prison or jail structures that include barbed wire or gun towers
Reentry	Photos of roads and pathways with hopeful coloring, doors opening with a hopeful theme and abstract images of the community Aspirational, hopeful images to represent the promise of reentry and community reintegration. Participants suggested more community activity photos and employment-focused imagery	Images of individuals still in prison jumpsuits or handcuffs in these settings, or any image that reflects despair Unrealistic photos and descriptions of reentry and supervision