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. 2023 Jul 3;21:228. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-02911-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Relative risk curve of physical activity in comparison to a disputed typical J-shaped risk for alcohol drinking. Individuals who engage in 15–20 min of physical activity per day experience a similar level of reduced mortality as in the debated J-shaped association between moderate drinking and health. Figure 1A data source is from Tian et al. study [1]. Figure 1B data source is from our previous cohort study [17]