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. 2023 Jul 4;23:355. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02503-z

Table 2.

Pregnancy complications (preeclampsia, preterm birth, and/or small for gestational age) in first or last pregnancy by the mother’s total number of births and the relation to maternal CVD death. First births included up to 2013, mothers followed through 2020 (n = 1,011,767)

Reproduction Total N CVD deaths a: N (row %) Crude HR
(95% CI)
Adjusted HR (95%CI) b Adjusted HR (95%CI) c
One child only
No complications 128 586 (14.0) 815 (0.63) 1.54 (1.42–1.69) 1.47 (1.34–1.61) 1.47 (1.34–1.61)
Complication 41 854 (4.6) 510 (1.22) 2.82 (2.54–3.12) 2.50 (2.25–2.78) 2.48 (2.23–2.76)
Two births
No complications 359 911 (39.2) 1275 (0.35) Reference Reference Reference
Complication only first 69 470 (7.6) 384 (0.55) 1.48 (1.32–1.66) 1.41 (1.26–1.58) 1.40 (1.24–1.57)
Complication only last 35 221 (3.8) 267 (0.76) 1.94 (1.70–2.21) 1.82 (1.59–2.08) 1.76 (1.53–2.01)
Three births
No complications 178 612 (19.5) 518 (0.29) 1.03 (0.93–1.34) 1.04 (0.94–1.15) 1.04 (0.93–1.15)
Complication only first 32 744 (3.6) 157 (0.48) 1.54 (1.31–1.82) 1.49 (1.27–1.76) 1.49 (1.25–1.77)
Complication only last 14 795 (1.6) 103 (0.70) 2.24 (1.83–2.74) 2.06 (1.68–2.52) 2.05 (1.66–2.53)
Four births
No complications 35 035 (3.8) 114 (0.33) 1.29 (1.07–1.57) 1.25 (1.03–1.52) 1.26 (1.04–1.54)
Complication only first 6827 (0.7) 34 (0.50) 1.85 (1.31–2.60) 1.74 (1.24–2.45) 1.74 (1.18–2.57)
Complication only last 3149 (0.3) 26 (0.83) 3.19 (2.16–4.70) 2.85 (1.93–4.20) 3.18 (2.16–4.70)
Five-eight births
No complications 8000 (0.9) 38 (0.47) 2.28 (1.65–3.15) 2.15 (1.56–2.97) 2.17 (1.56–3.03)
Complication only first 1595 (0.2) 12 (0.75) 3.27 (1.85–5.77) 2.88 (1.63–5.08) 3.31 (1.83–5.99)
Complication only last 1795 (0.2) 20 (1.11) 5.19 (3.34–8.08) 4.49 (2.88–6.99) 4.55 (2.68–7.71)
Total number of mothers d 917 594 4273 917 594 908 405 896 463

Note: a death up to 69 years, b adjusted for maternal education and maternal age at first birth, c adjusted for maternal education and maternal age at first birth excluding perinatal death, d missing values in the complication variables led to some reduction in the sample size