Table 1.

Categories of Magnetism Materials and Their Characteristics

Type	Example, Refs	Net Magnetization	Response to EMF	Response After Removing EMF	Susceptibility
Diamagnetic	Au, Ag, and most of known elements, 51,52	0	Weak response, aligned contrary to the applied EMF	Do not retention of magnetic moment	Very small and negative (−10-4 to −10-6)
Paramagnetic	Na, Mg, Al, Ga, Li, Ta, Cu,53	✓	Sectional response, aligned positive to the direction of EMF	No retention of magnetic moment	Small and positive (10–4 to 10–6)
FM	Fe, Co, Ni,54	✓	Potent response, aligned parallel to EMF	Remains a residual magnetic moment	Very large and positive (104 to 106)
Antiferromagnetic	MnO, CoO, NiO, CuCl2,55	0	Potent response, aligned parallel to EMF	A residual magnetic moment remains	Small and positive (0.1–1)
FiM	BaFe12O19 Fe3O4, MnFe2O4, Magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (γ-Fe2O3),56	✓	Potent response, aligned parallel to EMF	A residual magnetic moment exists after the removal of EMF	Large and positive (103 to 105)