Table 6.

The in vivo Studies on MNCs for MHT and Targeted Drug Delivery

Magnetic Nanoagent	Type of Analysis, Size (nm)	Loaded Drug	Drug Release	Cell Lines	NP Administration Route, Animal Model	Results	Ref.
PLGA/Fe3O4	TEM, 172	DOX	Nr	CT26 colon cancer in 5 mice	Intratumoral injection, Mouse	The tumor size decreased 4 times with AMF	[220]
Commercially available “biocompatible” type of MNPs	TEM, 15	Nr	Nr	Nr	Injected intravenously via a tail vein, Mouse	By direct intratumoral injection of MNPs, tumor size decreased 60% in 14 days (amount of Fe ∼17 mg). In addition, 5 out of 5 mice were tumor free at 120 days. They had an initial tumor size of 1.5 cm (amount of Fe ∼6 mg + injections for retreatment).	[282]
Commercially available “biocompatible” type of MNPs	TEM, 11	Nr	Nr	OVCAR-3 ovarian tumor cells	Injected intravenously via a tail vein, Mouse	7 out of 9 (78%) tumor free after 160 days	[282]
Fluorescent IONPs/PLGA conjugated with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2	DLS, 524	Gemcitabine	23% release in 5 minutes at 440 kHz frequency (16.27 kA/m) and sustained drug release for 11 days	MIAPaCa-2 in SCID mice	Intravenous injection, Mouse	The tumor regression study at the end of 30 days showed significant tumor regression (86±3%) with MHT	[225]
Mg0.13-Fe2O3	TEM, 7	Nr	Nr	Hep3B xenografted animal models	Injected into the tumor directly, Mouse	It was clearly observed that the tumor was completely killed after 2 days with AMF.	[278]
Fe3O4/Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether	SEM, 73	Nr	Nr	Nude mice xenografted with breast cancer MCF-7	Injected into the tumor directly, Mouse	Following treatment, the tumor volumes were monitored for up to 40 days. For the control mice, tumor size increased 25 fold by the fortieth day. With AMF (1.2 × 109 A m−1 s−1), from the sixth day onwards, tumors were completely eliminated without recurrence within the experimental period	[283]
Biomimetic magnetic NPs mediated by magnetosome proteins	TEM, 36	DOX	100, 300, and 500 µg of BMNPs were exposed at (130 kHz and 18 kA m−1) for 20 min	4T1 and MCF-7 in Balb/c female mice of about six weeks old	Tail-vein injection, Mouse	Around 40% of the tumor size decreased by MHT and chemotherapy, which was higher than chemotherapy alone.	[284]
Graphene oxide-cobalt ferrite	TEM, 5	Nr	Nr	MCF7	Injected in situ to the multiple points of the tumor, Mouse	BALB/c mice and the results indicated the smaller size of the tumor with the concentrations of 0.001 and 0.002 gr/mL and the respective magnetic frequencies of 400 and 250 kHz for 10 min after 27 days	[268]
IONPs-(poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene)- (tetramethylrhodamine 5(6)-carboxamide cadaverine-N-(3 dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride-4-aminophenyl β-D glucopyranoside	TEM, ~11 DLS, ~85	Nr	Nr	Pancreatic tumor cell line (MIA PaCa-2)	Intratumoral injection, Rat tail	∼47% and ∼14% antitumor effects in heterotopic xenograft mouse model with and without AMF, respectively.	[226]