Table 3.
Changes in physical function, body composition and patient-reported outcomes before and following 12 weeks of exercise training
| Baseline | Post-intervention | SMD [95% CI] | 3-month follow-up | SMD [95% CI] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass (kg) | 90 (13) | 89 (12)* | −1.0 [0.04-2.51] | 90 (14) | 0 [−1.18–1.43] |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.4 (4) | 29 (3.9)* | −0.4 [0.01–0.80] | 29.4 (4.5) | 0 [−0.38–0.44] |
| Hip (cm) | 109 (5) | 108 (5) | −1.0 [−0.55–2.63] | 108 (5) | −1.0 [−0.53–2.40] |
| Waist (cm) | 111 (11) | 110 (12) | −1.0 [−0.63–3.17] | 110 (13) | −1.0 [−0.66–2.79] |
| 6-min walk (m) | 451 (64) | 511 (89)* | 60 [34.1–85.1] | 500 (74)* | 49 [−63.4 to −30.9] |
| Timed sit-to-stand (reps) | 12 (3) | 15 (3)* | 3 [2.17–4.08] | 15 (2)* | 3 [−3.77 to −1.22] |
| FACT-G | 84 (20) | 88 (19) | 4 [−9.01–2.76] | 91 (13) | 7 [−14.1–0.14] |
| Physical | 22 (7) | 23 (6) | 1 [−2.95–0.95] | 23 (4) | 1 [−3.87–0.32] |
| Social | 24 (4) | 24 (4) | 0 [−2.07–0.98] | 25 (3) | 1 [−2.93–0.02] |
| Emotional | 19 (6) | 19 (6) | 0 [−2.06–2.06] | 23 (5) | 1 [−4.05–1.32] |
| Functional | 20 (6) | 22 (5) | 2 [−4.02–0.85] | 20 (5) | 3 [−5.33–0.52] |
| FACT-P | 118 (29) | 121 (27) | 3 [−11.4–5.58] | 126 (20) | 8 [−17.9–1.17] |
| FACIT-fatigue | 35.3 (13.3) | 38.3 (12.5) | 3 [−5.99–0.16] | 39.4 (10.2)* | 4.1 [−7.84 to −0.15] |
| BPI | |||||
| Severity | 1.7 (2.6) | 1.9 (2.3) | 0.2 [−0.67–1.07] | 1.7 (2.1) | 0 [−1.09–1.18] |
| Interference | 1.8 (2.8) | 1.8 (2.3) | 0 [−0.73–0.75] | 1.5 (2.4) | −0.3 [−1.48–0.94] |
| EQ-5D-5L | |||||
| Mobility | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 [−0.39–0.39] | 2 (1) | 0 [−0.48–0.39] |
| Self-care | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 [−0.26–0.43] | 1 (1) | 0 [−0.24–0.60] |
| Usual activities | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 [−0.40–0.32] | 2 (1) | 0 [−0.38–0.38] |
| Pain/discomfort | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 [−0.57–0.57] | 2 (1) | 0 [−0.55–0.64] |
| Anxiety/depression | 2 (1) | 2 (1) | 0 [−0.46–0.21] | 1 (1)† | −1 [−0.01–0.92] |
| VAS | 72.5 (21.2) | 75 (17.1) | 2.5 [−10.3–5.37] | 74.7 (19.2) | 2.2 [−10.3–5.54] |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Vigorous (d·wk−1) | 0.3 (0.8) | 1.8 (2.4)* | 1.5 [−2.52–0.38] | 1.1 (2.1) | 0.8 [−1.81–0.17] |
| ime (min·day−1) | 10.6 (33.8) | 49.1 (95.5) | 38.5 [−82.3–6.31] | 30.9 (56.2) | 20.3 [−44.6–6.02] |
| Moderate (d·wk−1) | 1.9 (2.7) | 3.8 (2.8)* | 1.9 [−3.29–0.45] | 3.2 (2.6) | 1.3 [−2.76–0.39] |
| Time (min·day−1) | 31.5 (63.5) | 71.6 (93.3) | 40.1 [−97.5–12.3] | 81.1 (90.8)* | 49.6 [−91.5 to −8.49] |
| Walking (d·wk−1) | 4.8 (2.4) | 5.5 (2) | 0.7 [−1.6–0.3] | 4.5 (2.8) | −0.3 [−0.95–1.41] |
| Time (min·day−1) | 59.2 (64.4) | 60 (68.9) | 0.8 [−31.2–24.3] | 52 (49) | −7.2 [−20.2–35.7] |
| Sitting (h·day−1) | 7.3 (3) | 6.1 (3)* | −1.2 [0.28–2.36] | 6.2 (2.6) | −1.1 [−0.06–2.89] |
Data expressed as mean (SD). Abbreviations: SMD standard mean difference [from baseline], CI confidence interval, BMI body mass index, BPI brief pain inventory, d·wk−1 days per week, EQ-5D-5L EuroQol 5-dimensions 5-levels, VAS visual analogue scale, FACT-G functional assessment of cancer therapy-general, FACT-P functional assessment of cancer therapy-prostate, IPAQ international physical activity questionnaire, post min·day−1, mins per day
*represents a statistically significant change versus baseline (p < 0.05)
†represents a statistically significant change versus post-intervention (p < 0.05)