Fig. 6.

Knockout of Adrb2 or Adrb3 compromises the TBI-accelerated fracture healing. a Representative IF staining images Ad2β or Ad3β in the bone marrow from 4-month-old Adrb2^−/− or Adrb3^−/− mice. b Schematic graph of the study of TBI procedure in WT, Adrb2^−/−, and Adrb3^−/− mice. c, d Representative μCT images and quantitative analysis of BV/TV of fractured femurs from 4-month-old WT, Adrb2^−/−, and Adrb3^−/− mice at 14 days post operation. Scale bar: 2 mm. e Representative HE and SO/FG staining images in the callus area in 4-month-old male WT, Adrb2^−/−, and Adrb3^−/− mice. Scale bar: 1 mm. f, g Representative IF staining images and quantitative analysis of M2 macrophages in the callus area in 4-month-old male WT, Adrb2^−/−, and Adrb3^−/− mice at 14 days post operation. h, i Representative immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and quantitative analysis of OCN⁺ cells in the callus from 4-month-old male WT, Adrb2^−/−, and Adrb3^−/− mice at 14 days post operation. Scale bar: 50 μm. j, k Representative IF staining images and quantitative analysis of type H vessels in the callus from 4-month-old male WT, Adrb2^−/−, and Adrb3^−/− mice at 14 days post operation. Scale bar: 200 μm. All data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, ns: not significant. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA