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. 2023 Jul 4;14:3945. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39693-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a, b Human monocytes were isolated from healthy donors. Human macrophages were induced with monocytes with human serum and MCSF. CAA plasma with or without Aβ40/Aβ42 removal or HC plasma was treated to monocytes/macrophages with a concentration of 10% in culture system for 6 h. a Immunolabeling of WGA to display migrasome production. Migrasomes of 30 cells in each group were subjected to the analysis. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM with the indicated significance (by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test). b Expression of TSPAN4 in monocytes/macrophages after plasma treatment as assessed with flow cytometry. Samples from 5 individuals in each group were subjected to the analysis. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM with the indicated significance (by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test). c Coronal brain sections from Tg-SwDI/B^+/+ and 5xFAD mice or age- and sex-matched WT mice (24w of age) were collected and subjected to immunostaining of Iba1, Aβ40 and TSPAN4 and TSPAN9. Brain slices from 4 independent mice were subjected to the experiments. Representative images were displayed. d, e Tg-SwDI/B^+/+, Tg-SwDI/B^+/- and WT mice were sacrificed at indicated age. (d-i) Plasma Aβ40 concentration was assessed with ELISA. d-ii, iii Leukocytes of mice were isolated and subjected to flow cytometric analysis of Aβ40 engulfment (CD45⁺F4/80⁺Aβ40⁺) d-ii and TSPAN4 expression (CD45⁺F4/80⁺TSPAN4⁺) in macrophages (d-iii). N = 3 in Tg-SwDI/B^+/+ group, N = 3 in Tg-SwDI/B^+/- group, N = 4 in WT group. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM with the indicated significance (compared with WT by one tail one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test). e Comparison of TSPAN4 expression in CD45⁺F4/80⁺ cells with (Aβ40⁺) or without (Aβ40^-) Aβ40 engulfment at 12w of age. N = 3 in Tg-SwDI/B^+/+ group, N = 3 in Tg-SwDI/B^+/- group, N = 4 in WT group. Data are presented as mean values ± SEM with the indicated significance (compared with WT by two-tailed Student’s t test). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.