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. 2023 Jun 21;14:1107349. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107349

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Copyright © 2023 Heeregrave, Thomas, van Capel, de Jong, Pollakis and Paxton

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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DC-SIGN-mediated transmission to CD4-enriched lymphocytes. NSI-18, H671-B10 and (A–C) Transmission of Th1- (white) versus Th2-produced (red) NSI-18 (CCR5 using) (n=4), H671-B10 (dual-tropic) (n=4) and LAI (CXCR4 using) (n=5). Three to five clones were produced from each cell type and infection experiments were performed in triplicate. The bars represent median values of HIV-infected lymphocytes for each clone. A separate graph depicts the values of all clones from each cell type and we used the Wilcoxon signed rank test to determine statistical significance on transmission of Th1- and Th2-produced variants. (D–F) Transmission of macrophage (mφ)- (white) versus lymphocyte-derived (blue) NSI-18 (CCR5 using) (n=5), SF162 (CCR5 using) (n=5) and H671-B10 (dual-tropic) (n=4). Transmissions with NSI-18 and H671-B10 were repeated once. The bars represent median values of HIV-infected lymphocytes for each clone. A separate graph depicts the values of all clones from each cell type and we used the Wilcoxon signed rank test to determine statistical significance on transmission of mφ - and lymphocyte-produced variants. (G) Sensitivity of macrophage (mφ)- (white) and lymphocyte-derived (blue) SF162 HIV-1 to the carbohydrate dependent 2G12 antibody neutralisation was determined by infecting CD4-enriched lymphocytes with virus, which was neutralized with 3-fold increasing concentrations of antibody. Inhibition curves were constructed based on CA-p24 values from the peak of viral replication. The experiment was conducted twice with one representative profile shown. *, P<0.05; ****, P<0.0001; ns, not significant.