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. 2023 Jan 28;29(7):1105–1117. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izac284

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Probiotic administration leads to increased production of short-chain fatty acids by the gut microbiome. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis shows increased levels of (A) butyric acid (unpaired t test: 2581 ± 1959 vs 708 ± 455; P < .02), (B) valeric acid (unpaired t test: 79.00 ± 55.40 vs 34.83 ± 21.30; P < .02), and (C) hexanoic acid (unpaired t test: 15.38 ± 2.50 vs 12.85 ± 3.05; P < .05) in fecal samples of probiotic-treated mice compared with the control group. Levels of (D) valeric acid (unpaired t test: 259.00 ± 96.37 vs 155.50 ± 80.74; P < .05) and (E) heptanoic acid (unpaired t test: 56.00 ± 63.48 vs 30.62 ± 43.52; P < .05) were also increased in cecum samples of probiotic-treated mice compared with the control group. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry equipment used was 5977B GC/MSD with a VF-5 ms column (25 m, 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm; Agilent; Cat#: CP8941). Data are shown as mean ± SEM and are representative of 2 independent experiments; *P < .05, **P < .02.