Table 2.

Logistic regression models for factors associated with recurrent flares

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
			Model 1		Model 2
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Age (years)	1.02 (0.99, 1.04)	0.235
BMI (kg/m2)	1.00 (0.92, 1.09)	0.958
≥1 Comorbidities	1.63 (0.57, 4.71)	0.364
Disease duration (years)	1.07 (1.01, 1.12)	0.013	1.01 (1.08, 1.15)	0.032	1.08 (1.01, 1.16)	0.026
Positive family history	1.24 (0.61, 2.53)	0.548
Palpable tophus	2.84 (1.21, 6.67)	0.017
Intra-articular tophus size (mm)	2.83 (1.55, 3.68)	<0.001	2.00 (1.22, 3.28)	0.006	1.97 (1.19, 3.24)	0.008
At least one flare in the last 6 months	1.97 (1.08, 3.59)	0.028	1.86 (0.92, 3.76)	0.085	1.87 (0.91, 3.82)	0.087
High CA72-4a	2.85 (1.54, 5.26)	0.001	2.41 (1.18, 4.91)	0.016	2.34 (1.14, 4.82)	0.021
Serum urate (mg/dL)	1.31 (1.05, 1.63)	0.017
eGFR(mL/min/1.73m2)	0.98 (0.97, 1.00)	0.034
Glucose (mmol/L)	0.67 (0.41, 1.10)	0.116	0.55 (0.31, 0.98)	0.041	0.51 (0.27, 0.97)	0.040
Triglyceride (mmol/L)	1.23 (0.99, 1.53)	0.056
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.15 (0.84, 1.58)	0.391
HDL-C (mmol/L)	0.25 (0.07, 0.87)	0.029	0.12 (0.03, 0.54)	0.006	0.13 (0.03, 0.61)	0.010
LDL-C (mmol/L)	1.05 (0.75, 1.49)	0.761
ALT (U/L)	0.99 (0.97, 1.01)	0.377
AST (U/L)	0.99 (0.96, 1.03)	0.740
CRP (mg/L)	1.04 (0.98, 1.11)	0.204
ESR (mm/h)	1.07 (1.02, 1.12)	0.003	1.06 (1.01, 1.11)	0.025	1.06 (1.01, 1.12)	0.020

Model 1 followed the backward stepwise selection rule. Model 2 was adjusted for the usage of anti-hypertensive drugs, glucose-lowering drugs, liver and kidney protecting drugs during the 24-week follow-up, and irregular ULT without a prescription in the preceding six months before enrolment.

^aCA72-4 exceeded the normal upper limit at least once in the last 6 months.

95% CI: 95% confidence interval; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; OR: odds ratio.