Table 1.

Algorithm process symbol description.

Notation	Meaning
${x_j}^H$	Initial position of the j-th galaxy (horizontal axis)
${x_j}^L$	Initial position of the j-th galaxy (vertical axis)
$m_{ij}{}^H$	Initial position of the i-th star in the j-th galaxy (horizontal axis)
$m_{ij}{}^L$	Initial position (vertical axis) of the i-th star in the j-th galaxy
U x	Upper boundary of the galaxy (horizontal axis)
Dx	Lower boundary of the galaxy (vertical axis)
ef1	The speed of the fastest star in the galaxy
ef2	The speed of the fastest star in the universe
r	Random number between 0 and 1
${E_j}^H$	Galactic expansion speed (horizontal axis)
${E_j}^L$	Expansion speed of the galaxies (vertical axis)
${{\text{H}}_{\text{i}}}^{\text{t}}$	Time position of the largest star t in the galaxy (horizontal axis)
${{\text{L}}_{\text{i}}}^{\text{t}}$	Time position of the largest star t in the galaxy (vertical axis)
${\text{ef}}_{\text{1}}$	The speed of the fastest star in the galaxy
${\text{ef}}_{\text{2}}$	The speed of the fastest star in the universe
w s	The initial inertia of stars in the galaxies
w e	The final inertia of stars in the galaxies
t	Evolution time (number of iterations)
T	Total evolution time (iterations)
w w	Adaptive inertia weight
Yo	Velocity of the largest star in the universe (optimal solution)
y o	The velocity of the largest star in the galaxy