Table 4.

How to support people when continuing TB therapy in the context of mild–moderate AE ^* .

Modality	Examples
Structural and timing	Change timing of doses (for sleep disturbance or daytime nausea) Split doses of medication (for pill burden or nausea) Positioning (e.g., sit upright after doses to avoid reflux)
Psychological	Contextualisation ○ “Can you tolerate the joint discomfort knowing that pyrazinamide will stop in 2 weeks?” ○ “In case you stop this drug, the treatment duration of other drugs will have to be prolonged?”) Reassurance (“The urine colour change is from your rifampicin, and isn’t harmful”) Education (“Your cough is likely caused by TB rather than your medication”)
Pharmacological	Analgesia (for joint pain) Anti-emetics (for nausea/vomiting), confirm that this is not caused by hepatotoxicity (LFT) Antihistamines (for itch, non-severe rash) Change of drugs within a class (e.g., moxifloxacin for levofloxacin) Supplemental levothyroxine if hypothyroidism due to TB drugs Management of peripheral neuropathy with (increased) vitamin B6 supplementation with INH (limited data)
Topical therapies	Moisturisers and/or sunscreen (for dry skin) Makeup or coloured skin products (for clofazimine discoloration) Anti-acne topical medication (for acne associated with INH use, especially the face)

^* The table lists examples of possible adverse effects and management options – it is not intended to be comprehensive or proscriptive.

LFT = liver function test; INH = isoniazid.