Table 1.
Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 5 | Patient 6 | Patient 8 | Patient 10 | Patient11 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 13 | 15 | 12 | 18 | 14 | 1.75 | 1.6 |
Sex | Female | Male | Male | Male | Female | Male | Female |
ILAE classification | Epilepsy from unknown type with seizures unknown onset | Epilepsy from unknown type with seizures unknown onset | Focal epilepsy with focal seizures with leftward eye deviation and impaired awareness | West syndrome with infantile spasms and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome | Generalized epilepsy/epilepsy with myoclonic absences | Focal epilepsy with focal motor seizures (clonic and myoclonic) with impaired awareness | Focal epilepsy with focal motor seizures (clonic and myoclonic) with impaired awareness |
Age of onset | 8 days | 5 days | 2 years | 4 months | 22 months | 2 weeks | 1 week |
Description | Neonatal convulsions, at 3.5y bilateral tonic–clonic seizure | Neonatal seizures; seizure-free | Focal seizures | Refractory tonic seizures. History of infantile spasms, myoclonic seizures, absences and atonic seizures Seizures appear daily |
Complex febrile seizures. Refractory focal seizures, absences with eyelid myoclonia and myoclonic absences, GTCS Seizures appear daily |
Focal seizures, seizure-free with oxcarbazepine | Focal seizures, seizure-free with oxcarbazepine |
EEG | Multifocal epileptic discharges | Normal | Right-sided epileptiform discharges | Abundant multifocal epileptiform activity; left>right slowing. | Generalized 3-Hz spike and wave, progressive during sleep | Multifocal, mainly central (−parietal) spikes | Focal central spikes |
Anti-epileptic treatment | Lamotrigine (history: Valproic acid) | None | Valproic acid 500/500 mg, clonidine 0.1 mg | Ketogenic diet, clonazepam, rufinamide, clobazam, cannabidiol, valproic acid, VNS | Lamotrigine, VNS (history: valproic acid, clobazam, ethosuximide, topiramate levetiracetam) | Oxcarbazepine |
VNS: vagal nerve stimulator; GTCS: generalized tonic–clonic seizures.