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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 5.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Probl. 2021 Sep 8;70(2):297–320. doi: 10.1093/socpro/spab043

Table 4.

Likelihood of Arrest for Homicide Offenses for Black and White Co-offenders, by Victim Race and Sex

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
Odds Ratio Confidence Interval Odds Ratio Confidence Interval Odds Ratio Confidence Interval
Offender Characteristics
 Age .996 .984–1.009 .996 .984–1.009 .995 .983–1.007
 Male 1.185–1.595 1.375*** 1.185–1.595 1.380*** 1.189–1.602
 Black .988 .742–1.316 .988 .742–1.316 1.049 .784–1.403
 Other Race 1.667 .826–3.364 1.667 .826–3.363 1.551 .786–3.059
Incident Characteristics
 Co-Offender Characteristics
  Age .992 .974–1.009 .992 .974–1.009 .992 .975–1.010
  Male .226*** .120–.428 .226*** .120–.427 .208*** .110–.396
  Black .923 .623–1.366 .921 .616–1.378 .972 .647–1.460
  Other Race .445 .165–1.197 .445 .164–1.203 .448 .154–1.309
 Offense Characteristics
  Weapon .959 .727–1.265 .958 .724–1.269 .960 .725–1.272
  Alcohol .930 .603–1.434 .930 .603–1.434 .921 .597–1.419
  Drug Use .891 .601–1.319 .891 .602–1.319 .896 .607–1.324
  Gang .661 .144–3.036 .662 .144–3.036 .677 .149–3.082
 Victim Characteristics
  Age 1.007* 1.001–1.013 1.007* 1.001–1.013 1.006* 1.001–1.012
  Number .967 .834–1.121 .967 .834–1.121 .967 .834–1.120
  Hispanic .704 .451–1.100 .704 .451–1.100 .700 .449–1.092
  Resident 1.509*** 1.174–1.941 1.510*** 1.173–1.943 1.499** 1.165–1.929
  Stranger 1.233 .863–1.762 1.233 .863–1.761 1.230 .858–1.765
  White Female .995 .702–1.409 1.267 .833–1.927
Interactions
 White Female × Black 2.821* 1.282–6.205
 White Female × Other Race .693 .064–7.464
Intercept 2.168*** 1.945–2.417 2.168*** 1.945–2.417 2.279*** 2.025–2.565

Note:

***

p<.001,

**

p<.01,

*

p<.05

N=2,120 co-offenders nested within 1,060 co-offending partnerships