TABLE 4.

HLA allele analysis results for all, White, and Black participants. Classical HLA alleles of class I and II genes in four-digit resolution were associated with increased and reduced odds of being a late-onset asthma case. We adjusted all regression models for age, sex, and four ancestries.

	Classical HLA allele analysis (4-digit)
	All participants
HLA-(gene)		* allele:protein	OR (95% CI) a	p-value	n	Freq b	Freq
HLA-B		*40:02	3.18 (1.63 to 6.18)	6.69 × 10−4ǂ	95	0.03	0.02 c
HLA-DRB1		*04:05	6.94 (2.15 to 22.44)	1.22 × 10−3ǂ	18	0.005	0.0035 c
White participants
HLA-B		*40:02	3.77 (1.91 to 7.44)	1.28 × 10−4§	82	0.03	0.02 c
HLA-C		*04:01	0.25 (0.09 to 0.70)	7.97 × 10−3§	325	0.12	0.13 c
HLA-DRB1		*04:05	8.19 (2.51 to 26.79)	5.03 × 10−4§	15	0.005	0.0035 c
Black participants
HLA-DRB1		*03:01	4.00 (1.46 to 10.91)	6.71 × 10−3ʄ	29	0.05	0.07 d
HLA-DQB1		*02:01	2.25 (1.09 to 4.65)	2.91 × 10−2ʄ	132	0.25	0.22 d

^a Bi-allelic (presence or absence of the two given residues).

^b HLA allele frequency computed from PEGS participants.

^c HLA allele frequency computed from the United States population-Caucasian (n = 61,655)³⁵.

^d HLA allele frequency computed from the United States population-African American (n = 2,411)³⁵.

HLA analysis: ^ǂPooled ancestry: significant p-value = 3.3 × 10⁻⁴; suggestive p-value = 3.3 × 10⁻³. ^§EUR ancestry: significant p-value = 2.0 × 10⁻³; suggestive p-value = 2.0 × 10⁻². ^ʄAFR ancestry: significant p-value = 3.0 × 10⁻³; suggestive p-value = 3.0 × 10⁻².