Hydrogel volume changes as a function of (A) pH, (B) ion strength, and (C) cation charge for polyphosphazenes with different ratios of OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH3 and p-carboxyphenoxy side groups. The side group ratios are: a, 30 mol% p-carboxyphenoxy 70% methoxyethoxyethoxy (MEE); b, 50% p-carboxyphenoxy, 50% MEE; c, 76% p-carboxyphenoxy, 24% MEE; and d, 94% p-carboxyphenoxy, 6% MEE. The polymer labeled MEEP is the bis(methoxyethoxyethoxy) derivative (15).37 The species labeled “ester” is the ethyl ester of polymer 16. Note that the hydrogel volumes from crosslinked polymer 15 and the ethyl ester of 16 are essentially insensitive to pH, ion strength, or different cations, because neither contains an ionic side group.