Table 3.
Selected datasets for pain research.
| Dataset | n | Setting | Included features | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VGGFace2 | 9000 | Healthy subjects | Facial expressions | [37] |
| BioVid Heat Pain Database (BioVid) | 90 | Healthy subjects | Videos and physiological data | [85] |
| UNBC-McMaster Shoulder Pain Dataset | 129 | Shoulder pain | Facial expressions, pain frame-by-frame scores, and observer measures | [86] |
| BP4D-Spontaneous Database | 41 | Healthy subjects | Facial expressions and head poses | [87] |
| SenseEmotion Database | 45 | Healthy subjects | Multimodal sensory data∗ | [88] |
| Multimodal iIntensity Pain (MIntPAIN) | 20 | Healthy subjects | Facial expressions | [89] |
| EmoPain | Chronic pain | Multimodal dataset ^ | [90] |
°Electrocardiography, photoplethysmography, electrodermal activity, facial expressions, and body postures. ∗Biopotentials, camera images of the facial region, and audio signals. ^Face videos, audio signals, and electromyographic signals from back muscles.