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. 2023 Jun 28;619(7968):129–134. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06203-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 5 — a) Top: Images of an octopus taken throughout the AS bout (top-down view, images taken 5 s apart). Bottom: mean skin brightness over time during the bout. b) Mean skin brightness over time shows QS punctuated rhythmically by AS bouts in freely behaving animals (top) and during head fixation (bottom). c) Zoomed in view of single AS bouts, showing filtered data used for calculating AS duration (black), start and end times (green and red arrowheads) for freely behaving and head fixed animals. Qualitative differences between experimental conditions possibly reflect different levels of sleep depth, or recording differences (whole body vs mantle). d) AS bout duration is similar in head fixed (N = 76 bouts from 9 animals) and freely behaving (N = 478 bouts from 6 animals) conditions under a range of detection thresholds (Methods). Error band: ±1 SD. e) Kernel density estimates of AS bout inter-event intervals are similar in head fixed and freely behaving animals (Normal distribution kernel, freely behaving animal data (N = 14) temperature matched to head fixed data (N = 12), >23.5 °C and <24.5 °C.