Table 3.
Changes of circadian and circasemidian amplitude of heart rate and heart rate variability along with long-duration spaceflight missions.
| Before launch | ISS01 | ISS02 | Before launch | ISS01 | ISS02 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mission 1 | Mission 2 | Mission 1 | Mission 2 | Mission 1 | Mission 2 | Mission 1 | Mission 2 | Mission 1 | Mission 2 | Mission 1 | Mission 2 | ||||
| HR (b/min) | MESOR | 72.86 | 66.61 | 71.65 | 68.18 | 79.42 | 70.03 | β (0.0001–0.01 Hz) | MESOR | − 1.173 | 1.072 | − 1.147 | 0.942 | − 1.070 | 0.867 |
| Circadian amplitude | 4.40 | 9.71 | 11.22 (255%) | 8.38 | 11.93 (271%) | 12.11 (125%) | Circadian amplitude | 0.172 | 0.287 | 0.521 (303%) | 0.356 | 0.401 (233%) | 0.253 | ||
| Circasemidian amplitude | 13.2 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 5.5 | 8.2 | 7.4 | Circasemidian amplitude | 0.194 | 0.127 | 0.094 | 0.144 | 0.329 | 0.294 | ||
| NN-interval (ms) | MESOR | 853.15 | 930.80 | 866.30 | 897.60 | 778.60 | 882.90 | LF-component (ms2) (0.05–0.15 Hz) | MESOR | 1205.8 | 1097.6 | 791.6 | 740.4 | 655.9 | 801.0 |
| Circadian amplitude | 48.14 | 129.80 | 128.70 (267%) | 114.20 | 119.40 (248%) | 148.50 (114%) | Circadian amplitude | 441.8 | 375.6 | 20.1 | 33.7 | 102.9 | 254.2 | ||
| Circasemidian amplitude | 138.3 | 82.1 | 83.3 | 75.9 | 81.2 | 89.5 | Circasemidian amplitude | 352.7 | 295.0 | 104.6 | 36.2 | 61.1 | 139.4 | ||
| r-MSSD (ms) | MESOR | 43.45 | 58.94 | 42.45 | 34.68 | 27.16 | 43.92 | HF-component (ms2) (0.15–0.50 Hz) | MESOR | 443.5 | 728.8 | 319.9 | 284.5 | 168.0 | 485.1 |
| Circadian amplitude | 4.21 | 29.70 | 4.17 | 7.90 | 1.14 | 14.37 | Circadian amplitude | 56.0 | 715.1 | 37.6 | 115.4 | 18.1 | 402.5 | ||
| Circasemidian amplitude | 17.32 | 24.01 | 1.41 | 4.24 | 0.73 | 11.60 | Circasemidian amplitude | 287.8 | 607.0 | 26.1 | 63.4 | 12.6 | 307.4 | ||
| pNN50 ( % ) | MESOR | 16.86 | 21.19 | 18.34 | 9.52 | 6.25 | 12.92 | LF-band (ms2) (0.01–0.05 Hz) | MESOR | 1612.5 | 2156.2 | 1117.0 | 1087.6 | 827.5 | 1331.9 |
| Circadian amplitude | 5.40 | 8.25 | 3.36 | 2.99 | 0.26 | 2.50 | Circadian amplitude | 612.2 | 785.3 | 295.2 | 217.0 | 230.0 | 605.4 | ||
| Circasemidian amplitude | 8.27 | 7.17 | 1.01 | 2.92 | 0.39 | 4.05 | Circasemidian amplitude | 930.1 | 605.9 | 107.1 | 216.1 | 234.6 | 640.1 | ||
| LF/HF (–) | MESOR | 4.42 | 3.31 | 3.60 | 4.36 | 5.61 | 4.01 | MF1-band (ms2) (0.05–0.10 Hz) | MESOR | 763.2 | 803.1 | 549.2 | 498.4 | 434.1 | 550.5 |
| Circadian amplitude | 0.58 | 1.12 | 0.39 | 0.85 | 0.36 | 0.52 | Circadian amplitude | 207.4 | 228.4 | 56.1 | 88.4 | 123.4 | 171.5 | ||
| Circasemidian amplitude | 1.26 | 0.76 | 0.16 | 0.85 | 0.86 | 1.23 | Circasemidian amplitude | 217.2 | 232.0 | 94.8 | 39.1 | 54.9 | 167.9 | ||
| TF (ms2) (0.0001–0.50 Hz) | MESOR | 8012.5 | 9851.4 | 8563.9 | 5578.0 | 4717.9 | 6756.6 | MF2-band (ms2) (0.10–0.15 Hz) | MESOR | 442.6 | 437.9 | 242.4 | 245.1 | 221.8 | 290.9 |
| Circadian amplitude | 3927.2 | 3408.7 | 6385.6 (163%) | 2827.0 | 2152.4 | 2721.3 | Circadian amplitude | 234.9 | 88.9 | 49.9 | 66.1 | 76.1 | 73.7 | ||
| Circasemidian amplitude | 311.3 | 3434.1 | 1785.5 (574%) | 1710.7 | 1473.0 (473%) | 1167.1 | Circasemidian amplitude | 140.2 | 110.4 | 29.5 | 42.5 | 52.8 | 42.7 | ||
| ULF (ms2) (0.0001–0.003 Hz) | MESOR | 4059.4 | 5071.0 | 5874.3 | 2924.9 | 2717.5 | 3449.9 | HF-band (ms2) (0.15–0.20 Hz) | MESOR | 181.9 | 444.2 | 107.6 | 102.0 | 63.8 | 154.5 |
| Circadian amplitude | 2721.4 | 3021.9 | 6757.7 (248%) | 3060.2 | 2255.6 | 3422.8 | Circadian amplitude | 33.4 | 529.3 | 6.1 | 16.3 | 9.7 | 90.6 | ||
| Circasemidian amplitude | 1712.6 | 1776.2 | 1692.6 | 1683.5 | 1449.8 | 2469.7 | Circasemidian Amplitude | 123.2 | 460.1 | 1.9 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 101.8 | ||
| VLF (ms2) (0.003–0.04 Hz) | MESOR | 2606.3 | 3455.9 | 1582.1 | 1538.2 | 1140.9 | 1856.1 | HF02-band (ms2) (0.20–0.30 Hz) | MESOR | 157.4 | 300.2 | 122.6 | 116.4 | 63.6 | 187.0 |
| Circadian amplitude | 1112.3 | 954.2 | 304.4 | 87.7 | 351.5 | 756.2 | Circadian amplitude | 16.8 | 271.7 | 37.1 (221%) | 69.1 | 17.8 | 169.8 | ||
| Circasemidian amplitude | 1520.8 | 1207.1 | 114.3 | 327.7 | 335.2 | 929.7 | Circasemidian amplitude | 99.0 | 271.7 | 19.4 | 40.4 | 5.7 | 117.8 | ||
| LF (ms2) (0.04–0.15 Hz) | MESOR | 1395.8 | 1487.1 | 937.0 | 874.7 | 772.1 | 982.7 | HF03-band (ms2) (0.30–0.40 Hz) | MESOR | 69.6 | 140.6 | 55.6 | 43.6 | 25.4 | 92.8 |
| Circadian amplitude | 483.1 | 382.0 | 25.2 | 52.9 | 122.1 | 162.1 | Circadian amplitude | 10.5 | 142.6 | 2.6 | 21.9 | 1.8 | 68.4 | ||
| Circasemidian amplitude | 392.2 | 390.8 | 125.5 | 15.1 | 84.7 | 220.3 | Circasemidian amplitude | 43.5 | 112.3 | 6.7 | 12.5 | 3.8 | 54.4 | ||
| HF (ms2) (0.15–0.40 Hz) | MESOR | 408.89 | 909.60 | 285.70 | 262.40 | 152.75 | 443.30 | HF04-band (ms2) (0.40–0.50 Hz) | MESOR | 34.6 | 60.7 | 34.2 | 23.0 | 15.2 | 47.3 |
| Circadian amplitude | 56.82 | 988.70 | 40.46 | 104.60 | 19.29 | 286.70 | Circadian amplitude | 1.0 | 60.8 | 3.1 (317%) | 9.8 | 1.6 | 30.1 | ||
| Circasemidian amplitude | 265.3 | 821.4 | 23.9 | 55.6 | 12.3 | 260.5 | Circasemidian amplitude | 24.2 | 46.6 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 1.8 | 19.9 | ||
Mission 2 took place about 4 years after Mission 1; ISS01 and ISS02 took place on days 18/21 and 67/181 after launch during mission 1/2, respectively.
Results highlighted in bold indicate changes larger than 200%.