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. 2023 Jul 5;13:10909. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36389-6

Table 4.

Circadian and circasemidian phase changes in heart rate variability indices in response to space flight differ between the two long-term missions.

Mission 1 Mission 2
Circadians Before ISS01 ISS02 Circadians Before ISS01 ISS02
HR (b/min) 16:55 14:18 15:10 HR (b/min) 15:26 15:01 12:18
NN-interval (ms) 6:22 2:45 3:15 NN-interval (ms) 3:08 2:52 0:46
r-MSSD (ms) 14:08 2:59 2:48 r-MSSD (ms) 2:13 1:46 1:32
pNN50 ( % ) 15:34 2:07 17:56 pNN50 ( % ) 3:29 0:28 1:10
LF/HF ratio (–) 16:17 16:35 05:57 LF/HF ratio (–) 13:49 13:13 16:58
LF-component (ms2) (0.05–0.15 Hz) 16:32 21:10 7:35 LF-component (ms2) (0.05–0.15 Hz) 6:27 23:04 2:30
HF-component (ms2) (0.15–0.50 Hz) 14:41 4:08 4:08 HF-component (ms2) (0.15–0.50 Hz) 3:32 2:03 2:43
TF (ms2) (0.0001–0.50 Hz) 13:00 12:23 12:09 TF (ms2) (0.0001–0.50 Hz) 10:21 17:40 09:17
ULF (ms2) (0.0001–0.003 Hz) 13:30 12:37 13:01 ULF (ms2) (0.0001–0.003 Hz) 11:11 17:25 10:36
VLF (ms2) (0.003–0.04 Hz) 14:03 05:59 07:08 VLF (ms2) (0.003–0.04 Hz) 06:13 03:47 01:58
LF (ms2) (0.04–0.15 Hz) 16:15 00:36 07:06 LF (ms2) (0.04–0.15 Hz) 04:09 23:47 00:49
HF (ms2) (0.15–0.40 Hz) 14:39 04:02 04:21 HF (ms2) (0.15–0.40 Hz) 01:56 01:52 01:54
LF-band (ms2) (0.01–0.05 Hz) 13:52 04:25 05:27 LF-band (ms2) (0.01–0.05 Hz) 04:45 03:54 02:08
MF1-band (ms2) (0.05–0.10 Hz) 16:44 01:17 05:03 MF1-band (ms2) (0.05–0.10 Hz) 03:55 00:58 01:07
MF2-band (ms2) (0.10–0.15 Hz) 16:21 14:40 13:18 MF2-band (ms2) (0.10–0.15 Hz) 05:20 14:24 14:17
HF-band (ms2) (0.15–0.20 Hz) 15:51 09:19 09:07 HF-band (ms2) (0.15–0.20 Hz) 01:53 03:40 02:37
HF02-band (ms2) (0.20–0.30 Hz) 12:53 03:27 02:43 HF02-band (ms2) (0.20–0.30 Hz) 02:30 01:44 02:20
HF03-band (ms2) (0.30–0.40 Hz) 13:37 03:33 22:29 HF03-band (ms2) (0.30–0.40 Hz) 01:43 01:58 02:20
HF04-band (ms2) (0.40–0.50 Hz) 00:37 14:51 18:55 HF04-band (ms2) (0.40–0.50 Hz) 01:38 01:11 01:40
β 06:32 01:36 02:10 β 01:36 04:38 23:11
Mission 1 Mission 2
Circasemidians Before ISS01 ISS02 Circasemidians Before ISS01 ISS02
HR (b/min)  − 355  − 328  − 312 HR (b/min)  − 292  − 306  − 305
NN-interval (ms)  − 82  − 238  − 225 NN-interval (ms)  − 207  − 37  − 211
r-MSSD (ms)  − 93  − 20  − 235 r-MSSD (ms)  − 207  − 16  − 236
pNN50 ( % )  − 98  − 359  − 316 pNN50 ( % )  − 212  − 357  − 247
LF/HF ratio (–)  − 9  − 352  − 6 LF/HF ratio (–)  − 299  − 271  − 342
LF-component (ms2) (0.05–0.15 Hz)  − 98  − 9  − 10 LF-component (ms2) (0.05–0.15 Hz)  − 215  − 356  − 229
HF-component (ms2) (0.15–0.50 Hz)  − 93  − 205  − 284 HF-component (ms2) (0.15–0.50 Hz)  − 223  − 17  − 242
TF (ms2) (0.0001–0.50 Hz)  − 320  − 320  − 302 TF (ms2) (0.0001–0.50 Hz)  − 246  − 92  − 302
ULF (ms2) (0.0001–0.003 Hz)  − 4  − 323  − 310 ULF (ms2) (0.0001–0.003 Hz)  − 255  − 97  − 316
VLF (ms2) (0.003–0.04 Hz)  − 93  − 288  − 258 VLF (ms2) (0.003–0.04 Hz)  − 240  − 62  − 241
LF (ms2) (0.04–0.15 Hz)  − 281  − 11  − 194 LF (ms2) (0.04–0.15 Hz)  − 209  − 19  − 227
HF (ms2) (0.15–0.40 Hz)  − 92  − 211  − 280 HF (ms2) (0.15–0.40 Hz)  − 206  − 16  − 233
LF-band (ms2) (0.01–0.05 Hz)  − 92  − 240  − 243 LF-band (ms2) (0.01–0.05 Hz)  − 230  − 62  − 236
MF1-band (ms2) (0.05–0.10 Hz)  − 94  − 17  − 217 MF1-band (ms2) (0.05–0.10 Hz)  − 208  − 29  − 221
MF2-band (ms2) (0.10–0.15 Hz)  − 284  − 337  − 342 MF2-band (ms2) (0.10–0.15 Hz)  − 214  − 320  − 260
HF-band (ms2) (0.15–0.20 Hz)  − 92  − 8  − 281 HF-band (ms2) (0.15–0.20 Hz)  − 206  − 37  − 235
HF02-band (ms2) (0.20–0.30 Hz)  − 91  − 221  − 262 HF02-band (ms2) (0.20–0.30 Hz)  − 38  − 15  − 238
HF03-band (ms2) (0.30–0.40 Hz)  − 96  − 6  − 309 HF03-band (ms2) (0.30–0.40 Hz)  − 207  − 19  − 250
HF04-band (ms2) (0.40–0.50 Hz)  − 284  − 354  − 322 HF04-band (ms2) (0.40–0.50 Hz)  − 204  − 5  − 264
β  − 90  − 32  − 230 β  − 206  − 27  − 45

Bold cells mean circadian phase misalignment induced by astronaut social jetlag on Earth before spaceflight mission.

Circasemidian acrophases expressed in (negative) degrees, with 360° ≡ 12 h, 0° = 00:00.