Figure 1.

The aIC-lesioned mice showed specific deficits in forming social novelty recognition memory with other social abilities preserved, (A) Schematic drawings of the average lesion locations of mice in the lesion group. Darker red areas indicate complete ablation; lighter red areas indicate partial tissue damage. (B) Representative pictures of cresyl-violet stained brain slices from control, sham, and aIC-lesion groups. (C) Timeline of the behavioral tests. (D) Sequence of the behavioral experiment paradigms of the linear chamber test. (E) Mean investigation duration of the three groups during the habituation session (upper) and the direction preference index of the three groups (lower). (F) Mean investigation duration of each group toward a social stimulus and a non-social object (upper) and the sociability index of the three groups (lower). (G) Social novelty recognition test (SNR) with new stranger mouse (stranger II) introduced. Mean investigation duration of each group during the test (upper) and the social novelty recognition index of the three groups (lower). (H) Social novelty recognition test with a cage mate and stranger III. Mean investigation duration of each group during the test (upper) and the social novelty recognition index of the three groups (lower). (E–H) All data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). Paired t-test was used to compare within subject differences (left chamber vs. right chamber, stranger I versus non-social object, stranger I vs. stranger II, and cage mate vs. stranger III). One-way ANOVA was used to compare difference between different groups. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.