Table 3.

Detailed results for all upcoming metrics comparing the students’ and physicians’ results

Parameter	Exercise 1			Exercise 2
	Pre-training result (Medical students)	Exercise result (Physicians)	P value	Pre-training result (Medical students)	Exercise result (Physicians)	P value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
t (s)	182.08 ± 113.52	112.92 ± 30.99	0.041	150.63 ± 55.12	88.30 ± 18.82	0.022
pAS dominanta (°)	12.40 ± 3.68	109.30 ± 32.94	0.070	10.21 ± 3.89	82.27 ± 37.68	0.54
pAS non-dominantb (°)	11.29 ± 3.79	115.00 ± 48.83	0.209	10.59 ± 5.81	83.76 ± 33.16	0.088
rAS dominant (°)	6.72 ± 114.19	5.57 ± 53.74	0.33	5.17 ± 1.81	83.02 ± 35.48	0.278
rAS non-dominant (°)	7.10 ± 100.35	5.59 ± 132.91	0.680	3.97 ± 0.39	82.97 ± 30.62	0.371
MS dominant (m/s2)	2.66 ± 3.46	1.55 ± 0.61	0.160	1.52 ± 0.83	1.22 ± 0.79	0.239
MS non-dominant (m/s2)	1.51 ± 0.64	1.42 ± 0.49	0.378	1.19 ± 0.54	1.36 ± 0.53	0.874
BD (–)	0.08 ± 0.06	0.15 ± 0.13	0.136	0.06 ± 0.05	0.27 ± 0.36	0.184
⍵ dominant (°/s)	12.23 ± 2.54	11.41 ± 3.06	0.274	10.14 ± 2.60	9.28 ± 2.65	0.266
⍵ non-dominant (°/s)	11.94 ± 4.51	10.68 ± 2.29	0.228	8.29 ± 1.30	8.82 ± 2.07	0.882
CS dominant (–)	348 ± 210.82	166.5 ± 79.62	0.012	208.27 ± 101.99	97.33 ± 34.01	0.003
CS non-dominant (–)	352.45 ± 302.68	147.00 ± 49.21	0.025	210.73 ± 88.06	103.50 ± 18.96	0.001
CR dominant (–)	240.18 ± 163.52	144.00 ± 64.11	0.053	149.55 ± 72.33	83.00 ± 36.14	0.012
CR non-dominant (–)	282.55 ± 256.73	127.83 ± 68.12	0.042	173.73 ± 86.33	92.33 ± 34.62	0.008

Bold values indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05)

All the continuous variables are given in the Mean, Standard Deviation (SD) and p-value

t time, pAS perpendicular angle sum, rAS rotary angle sum, MS Motion smoothness, BD Bimanual dexterity, ⍵ Average angular rate, CS Count of swings, CR Count of rotations

^aDominant the dominant hand

^bNon-dominant the non-dominant hand