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Charts representing the improvement of clinical outcome parameters compared between preoperative and each postoperative periods. (A) The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). (B) The pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). (C) The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) or the Neck Disability Index (NDI). (D) The EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Levels visual analogue scale (EQ5D5L VAS). *p < 0.05, statistically significant differences.
