Fig. 1.

Overview of cell death in spinal cord injury (SCI). (A) SCI can induce substantial neuronal death, which inhibits neurogenesis and functional recovery. (B) A variety of cell death pathways have been identified in Guha et al. recent review paper [7], each with associated cell signaling pathways and defined cellular events. (C) This publication is well suited to inform subsequent work aimed at developing new therapeutics for SCI, including but not limited to bioinformatics, apoptosis/nonapoptosis checkpoint inhibitors, and drug development for enhanced specificity and reduced side effects. PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ROS, reactive oxygen species.