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. 2023 Jun 16;15(6):3397–3408. doi: 10.21037/jtd-23-651

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2023 Journal of Thoracic Disease. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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FEV1 meta-analysis forest plot. SMD, standardized mean difference; CI, confidence interval; Dex, dexmedetomidine; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second.