Table 1. Basic characteristics of the included literature.
| Study | Country | Sample size | Gender (M/F) | Mean age (years) | Intervention | Outcome | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG | CG | EG | CG | EG | CG | |||||
| Ding J, 2022 | China | 60 | 60 | 71/49 | 68.26 | 68.52 | Dex 0.3 μg/(kg·h) | Saline | IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-1β, PaO2, PaCO2 | |
| Shi HX, 2020 | China | 40 | 40 | 80/0 | 66.4 | 67.6 | Dex 0.2 μg/(kg·h) | Saline | FVC, FEV1, adverse event | |
| Xie Y, 2020 | China | 58 | 58 | 76/40 | 67.4 | 68.1 | Dex 0.3 μg/(kg·h) | Saline | IL-6, TNF-α, adverse event, IL-8 | |
| Kong L, 2018 | China | 60 | 60 | 73/47 | 40.8 | 41 | Dex 0.5 μg/(kg·h) | Saline | IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8 | |
| Meng J, 2020 | China | 20 | 20 | 24/16 | 52 | 58 | Dex 0.5 μg/(kg·h) | Saline | Adverse event, IL-8 | |
| Jannu V, 2020 | India | 40 | 40 | 73/7 | 54 | 56 | Dex 0.5 μg/(kg·h) | Saline | PaO2, PaCO2, FEV1, adverse event | |
| Chen J, 2021 | China | 38 | 38 | 41/35 | 55.93 | 55.64 | Dex 0.6 μg/(kg·h) | Saline | FEV1, adverse event | |
| Liu GC, 2020 | China | 60 | 60 | 73/47 | 65 | 66 | Dex 0.5 μg/(kg·h) | Saline | IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-8 | |
| Lee SH, 2016 | Korea | 50 | 50 | 49/51 | 62 | 62 | Dex 1.0 μg/(kg·h) | Saline | PaO2, PaCO2, FEV1, adverse event | |
| Kim JA, 2019 | Korea | 60 | 60 | 58/62 | 63 | 59 | Dex 0.5 μg/(kg·h) | Saline | IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, PaO2, PaCO2, adverse event, IL-8 | |
| Wen QP, 2020 | China | 26 | 28 | 33/21 | 54 | 58 | Dex 0.4 μg/(kg·h) | Saline | IL-6, adverse event | |
EG, experimental group; CG, control group; M, male; F, female; Dex, dexmedetomidine; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-10, interleukin-10; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen; PaCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; IL-8, interleukin-8.