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. 2023 Jul 5;6(7):e2321805. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.21805

Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for the Analytical Sample (N = 8951).

Characteristic No. (%) (N = 8951) Mean (SD) Range
Key dependent variable (aged 18-39 y)
Death 225 (3) 0.03 (0.16) 0 to 1
Age at death, y NA 27.7 (5.9) 18 to 39
Key independent variables (before age 18 y)
Incarcerated in adult facility 109 (1) 0.01 (0.11) 0 to 1
No. of months incarcerated in adult facility NA 0.08 (1.12) 0 to 42
Arrested 1597 (18) 0.17 (0.37) 0 to 1
No. of arrests NA 0.38 (1.19) 0 to 17
General risk factors
Self-rated health before age 18 y NA 3.06 (0.91) 0 to 4
Parental incarceration before age 16 y 623 (7) 0.07 (0.25) 0 to 1
Childhood adversity 489 (5) 0.05 (0.23) 0 to 1
Household net worth before the age of 18 y, $ NA 92 288 (139 363) −935 251 to 600 000
Demographics
Sex
Male 4582 (51) 0.51 (0.50) 0 to 1
Female 4369 (49) 0.49 (0.50) 0 to 1
Ethnicity
Hispanic 1895 (21) 0.21 (0.41) 0 to 1
Non-Hispanic 7056 (79) 0.79 (0.41) 0 to 1
Race
American Indian or Alaska Native 61 (1) 0.006 (0.08) 0 to 1
Asian 157 (2) 0.02 (0.13) 0 to 1
Black 2438 (27) 0.27 (0.45) 0 to 1
Othera 1065 (12) 0.12 (0.32) 0 to 1
White 5233 (58) 0.58 (0.49) 0 to 1
Supplemental sample 2230 (25) 0.25 (0.43) 0 to 1

Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.

a

Includes individuals of multiple races and individuals who did not identify a race after initially identifying as Hispanic.