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. 2023 Jun 22;14:1181452. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1181452

Table 1.

Clinical and biological characteristics of the study population.

All subjects
(n=338)
Healthy subjects
(n=208)
Patients living with T2D and/or obesity
(n=130)
p value
Sex ratio: women: (n, %) 200 (56.9) 112 (50.9) 88 (67.2) 0.003
Age (years) 24 [21;49] 21 [20;24] 52 [42;60] <0.0001
BMI (kg/m²) 23.9 [21;33.2] 21.6 [19.7;23.5] 37.1 [32.4;43.3] <0.0001
WC (cm):
- women
- men

78.8 [68.5;114]
83.5 [76;103]

69 [64.6;73.9]
79 [75;85.5]

115.5 [105.3;127]
115 [107;131]

<0.0001
<0.0001
Type 2 diabetes (n, %) 102 (29.1) 0 102 (77.9) <0.0001
Obesity (n, %) 112 (31.9) 0 72 (54.9) <0.0001
Dyslipidemia (n, %) 72 (20) 0 72 (54.9) <0.0001
Arterial hypertension (n, %) 70 (20) 0 70 (53.3) <0.0001
Lipid profile
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) 4.4 ( ± 0.9) 4.4 ( ± 0.8) 4.3 ( ± 0.3) 0.07
Triglycerides (mmol/L) 0.9 [0.4;1.3] 0.8 [0.6;1.1] 1.4 [1.0;2.1] <0.0001
HDL (mmol/L) 1.3 [1;1.5] 1.4 [1.2;1.7] 1.1 [0.9;1.3] <0.0001
LDL (mmol/L) 2.5 ( ± 0.8) 2.5 [2.0;1.7] 2.6 [1.8;3.1] 0.16
Glucose profile
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) 4.9 [4.6;6.3] 4.7 [4.4;4.9] 7.3 [5.5;9.4] <0.0001
Fasting plasma insulinemia (mUI/L) 8.2 [5.9;12.9] 7.1 [5.2;9.2] 17.3 [12.4;24.9] <0.0001
HOMA-IR 1.7 [1.2;2.9] 1.5 [1.0;1.9] 4.8 [2.9;8.1] <0.0001

Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or as median [25th percentile;75th percentile].

BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; T2D, type 2 diabetes; WC, waist circumference.