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. 2023 Jul 5;80(10):1009–1016. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2140

Table 1. Relative Associations of Subjective and Objective Measures of Childhood Maltreatment With the Number of Depression and Anxiety Episodes.

Measure, IRR (95% CI)
None (n = 262) Objective only (n = 173) Objective plus subjective (n = 492) Subjective only (n = 252)
Child maltreatment
Depression Baseline 1.37 (0.89-2.11) 2.28 (1.65-3.15) 1.49 (1.02-2.18)
Anxiety Baseline 1.40 (0.84-2.31) 2.30 (1.54-3.42) 1.58 (0.99-2.52)
Child physical abuse
Depression Baseline 0.52 (0.12-2.27) 1.76 (1.21-2.57) 1.61 (1.28-2.03)
Anxiety Baseline 0.37 (0.05-2.63) 1.43 (0.90-2.25) 1.57 (1.21-2.03)
Child sexual abuse
Depression Baseline 2.00 (1.14-3.50) 1.89 (1.18-3.02) 1.73 (1.34-2.22)
Anxiety Baseline 1.08 (0.47-2.47) 2.48 (1.60-3.86) 2.09 (1.59-2.75)
Child neglect
Depression Baseline 1.29 (0.96-1.73) 1.71 (1.32-2.20) 1.42 (1.02-1.99)
Anxiety Baseline 1.33 (0.96-1.85) 1.92 (1.41-2.60) 1.61 (1.05-2.47)
Child maltreatment, adjusted for current psychopathology
Depression Baseline 1.24 (0.77-2.01) 2.04 (1.35-3.08) 1.38 (0.88-2.15)
Anxiety Baseline 1.32 (0.80-2.17) 2.19 (1.46-3.28) 1.55 (0.98-2.44)
Child maltreatment, adjusted for lifetime psychopathology
Depression Baseline 1.33 (0.91-1.97) 1.93 (1.39-2.69) 1.34 (0.90-2.00)
Anxiety Baseline 1.32 (0.81-2.15) 2.19 (1.46-3.29) 1.54 (0.98-2.45)

Abbreviation: IRR, incidence rate ratio.