Table 1.

Sample size and characteristics of US adults with and without a history of cancer, by delay in care due to transportation barriers within 12 months^a

Participants characteristics	Adults with a cancer history			Adults without a cancer history
	Delays in care due to lack of transportation			Delays in care due to lack of transportation
	Yes	No		Yes	No
Total (weighted %)	n = 988 (2.8)	n = 27 652 (97.2%)	P b	n = 9685 (1.7%)	n = 460 339 (98.3%)	P b
Age, y			<.001			.04
18-44	25.0	16.3		52.3	54.1
45-54	20.0	16.7		20.3	19.6
55-64	26.1	25.8		15.6	14.8
65-74	21.0	28.6		8.7	8.7
75-79	7.9	12.6		3.1	2.8
Sex			<.001			<.001
Male	25.0	39.1		37.2	49.3
Female	75.0	60.9		62.8	50.7
Race			<.001			<.001
Asian and other	3.5	3.2		5.8	5.9
Hispanic	10.0	6.3		20.1	14.7
Non-Hispanic Black	17.0	8.2		24.1	12.1
Non-Hispanic White	69.5	82.3		50.0	67.2
Educational attainment			<.001			<.001
Less than high school	27.4	13.8		33.6	14.0
High school graduate	30.8	28.5		30.7	27.0
More than high school	41.7	57.7		35.7	59.0
Married			<.001			<.001
Yes	27.0	62.0		25.7	55.7
No or missing	73.0	38.0		74.3	44.3
Health insurancec			<.001			<.001
64 years and younger: private insurance	13.4	40.9		20.8	61.4
64 years and younger: public insurance	44.1	11.4		42.7	11.1
64 years and younger: uninsured	13.6	6.4		24.7	16.0
65 years and older: Medicare and Private	8.0	22.7		3.0	5.9
65 years and older: Medicare Advantage or HMO	1.8	5.3		1.2	1.4
65 years and older: Medicare and Medicaid	8.9	2.5		3.3	0.9
65 years and older: Medicare only or other	10.3	10.7		4.2	3.4
Region			.35			<.001
Midwest	24.9	24.1		24.0	23.5
Northeast	15.8	18.8		14.0	17.9
South	38.8	37.1		39.4	36.6
West	20.6	20.0		22.7	22.0
Survey era			.05			<.001
2000-2004	18.6	21.1		18.7	24.6
2005-2009	23.6	24.8		26.5	25.9
2010-2014	27.1	28.4		29.7	27.1
2015-2018	30.7	25.7		25.1	22.5
Any functional limitationsd			<.001			<.001
No	9.1	41.5		31.9	70.5
Yes	90.9	58.5		68.1	29.5
Number of comorbid illnessese			<.001			<.001
0	10.9	27.3		35.1	59.2
1	16.7	26.2		20.0	20.9
2	19.5	21.4		15.5	10.9
≥3	52.9	25.1		29.4	9.0
Time since cancer diagnosis,y			<.001
<2	27.0	20.4
2-5	18.5	26.9
6-10	16.6	20.3
11-15	11.2	12.2
≥16	26.7	20.1
Cancer type
Breast cancer	18.1	21.9	.03
Prostate cancer	6.0	13.5	<.001
Colorectal cancer	8.8	7.8	.26
Otherf	68.3	57.4	<.001

^aData source: 2000-2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and 2019 NHIS linked Mortality Files. HMO = Health Maintenance Organization.

^b P values were derived from χ² tests.

^cPublic insurance included Medicare, Medicaid, State Children’s Health Insurance Program, and/or other public hospital or physician coverage. Age 64 years or younger with public insurance comprised people younger than 65 years who had 1 or more types of public coverage and did not have private coverage. Age 65 years or older Medicare with private, comprised people aged 65 years and older who had Medicare and private insurance coverage and did not have Medicare Advantage/HMO. Age 65 years and older with Medicare Advantage/HMO comprised people aged 65 years and older who had Medicare Advantage or HMO and did not have Medicaid coverage. Age 65 years and older with Medicare only or other comprised people aged 65 years and older who had Medicare only and/or 1 or more other types of public coverage except for Medicaid or no coverage.

^dFunctional limitations included any self-reported limitation in walking a quarter of a mile, walking up 10 steps without resting, standing or sitting for 2 hours, stooping, reaching up over head, carrying 10 pounds, pushing large objects such as a living room chair, shopping, or visiting friends.

^eComorbid Illnesses included hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery diseases, stroke, chronic obstructive lung diseases, kidney disease, liver diseases, arthritis, and morbid obesity.

^fOther includes cancers of all sites except for breast, prostate, colorectal cancer, and nonmelanoma skin cancer.