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. 2023 Jun 21;17:1202099. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1202099

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Copyright © 2023 Dunn, Robinson, Nwokafor, Estill, Ferrante, Shen, Lemchi, Creus-Muncunill, Ramirez, Mengaziol, Brynildsen, Leggas, Horn, Ehrlich and Blendy.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Common regulator and gene validation (A) Common upstream regulator Tcf7l2, a transcription factor, is an IPA-predicted upstream regulator across multiple groups and shown here are genes predicted to be regulated in PND14 males (green = down; red = up). The graphs and networks of Tcf7l2 was obtained through the use of IPA (QIAGEN Inc., https://www.qiagenbioinformatics./com/products/ingenuity-pathway-analysis, accessed on 5 February 2023). (B) DEG validation Mag and Myrf mRNAs were assayed in PND14 males and females after saline or morphine exposure, and Mag mRNA was assayed in 3-trimester males and females, saline and morphine exposed. N = 4–7; 2-tail t-test, ^**p < 0.01, otherwise not significant.