Fig. 9.

The nuclear receptor CAR may mediate the effect of the microbiome on ABCB1 expression. Whole transcriptome analysis of control Caco-2 cells (PBS) or cells exposed for 48 h to FW from untreated mice (FWctl), or to FW from ATB-treated mice (FWatb), or to antibiotics (ATB) (n = 4–7/group). A Analysis of the transcription factors (TF) known to have inductive (INDUCERS, yellow box), variable (white box) or repressive (REPRESSORS, orange box) effects on ABCB1 expression. On the left, rho value is represented for Spearman’s correlation between the expression of ABCB1 and each of the TF. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. On the right, heatmap showing the log twofold change (LogFC) for each condition compared to the control (PBS). *adjusted p < 0.05. B Comparison of the mRNA expression of CAR in these different conditions. *p < 0.05, ^###p < 0.001 (paired t-test between FWctl and Fwatb). C Spearman’s correlation between CAR and ABCB1 mRNA expression levels in these conditions